diff --git a/src/app/mod.rs b/src/app/mod.rs
index 0874d1c85..2bbbcf8a1 100644
--- a/src/app/mod.rs
+++ b/src/app/mod.rs
@@ -661,12 +661,11 @@ pub(super) struct OpenCADStudio {
 
     // ── Annotation-scale Manager ──────────────────────────────────────────
     scale_manager_selected: String,
-    scale_manager_name_buf: String,
     scale_manager_paper_buf: String,
     scale_manager_drawing_buf: String,
-    /// The editor holds an unsaved *new* scale (created only on Apply) rather
-    /// than editing the selected one. Reset when a row is selected.
-    scale_manager_new: bool,
+    /// The scale row being renamed inline (double-click), + its edit buffer.
+    scale_rename: Option<String>,
+    scale_rename_buf: String,
     /// Open transaction for the scale manager — restored if the window closes
     /// without Apply, mirroring the style managers' staging.
     scale_stage: Option<crate::app::style_ops::ScaleStage>,
@@ -1472,8 +1471,16 @@ pub enum Message {
     ScaleManagerOpen,
     /// Select a scale row in the manager (loads it into the editor).
     ScaleManagerSelect(String),
-    /// Add a new scale from the editor fields.
+    /// Add a new scale to the list (staged) and select it for editing.
     ScaleManagerNew,
+    /// Duplicate the selected scale under a unique name (staged).
+    ScaleManagerCopy,
+    /// Begin inline rename of a scale row (double-click).
+    ScaleRenameStart(String),
+    /// Edit the inline-rename buffer.
+    ScaleRenameEdit(String),
+    /// Commit the inline rename.
+    ScaleRenameCommit,
     /// Delete the selected scale.
     ScaleManagerDelete,
     /// Set the selected scale as the current annotation scale.
@@ -1481,7 +1488,6 @@ pub enum Message {
     /// Apply the editor fields to the selected scale (rename / re-ratio).
     ScaleManagerApply,
     /// Annotation-scale manager editor field edits.
-    ScaleManagerNameBuf(String),
     ScaleManagerPaperBuf(String),
     ScaleManagerDrawingBuf(String),
     /// Toggle the leftmost hamburger's Model/layout list dropdown.
@@ -2260,10 +2266,10 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
             // Layout Manager
             layout_manager_selected: "Model".to_string(),
             scale_manager_selected: String::new(),
-            scale_manager_name_buf: String::new(),
             scale_manager_paper_buf: String::new(),
             scale_manager_drawing_buf: String::new(),
-            scale_manager_new: false,
+            scale_rename: None,
+            scale_rename_buf: String::new(),
             scale_stage: None,
             layout_manager_rename_buf: String::new(),
             plotstyle_panel_aci: 1,
diff --git a/src/app/style_ops.rs b/src/app/style_ops.rs
index ec8ec50b8..05b93fa59 100644
--- a/src/app/style_ops.rs
+++ b/src/app/style_ops.rs
@@ -612,11 +612,14 @@ fn object_handle(doc: &acadrust::CadDocument, name: &str, kind: StyleKind) -> Op
 // ── Annotation-scale manager staging (mirrors the style-manager stage) ──────
 
 /// Snapshot of the drawing's annotation-scale *list* a scale manager can stage:
-/// the `Scale` objects and the `ACAD_SCALELIST` dictionary. The current scale is
-/// deliberately excluded — Set Current takes effect immediately, like the pill.
+/// the `Scale` objects and the `ACAD_SCALELIST` dictionary. Set Current takes
+/// effect immediately (like the pill) and is *not* reverted; `current` is kept
+/// only to repair the header pointer if a staged rename/delete of the current
+/// scale is rolled back, leaving it dangling.
 pub(super) struct ScaleSnapshot {
     scales: Vec<(Handle, ObjectType)>,
     scalelist: Option<(Handle, ObjectType)>,
+    current: String,
 }
 
 /// An in-progress scale-manager transaction (baseline restored on discard).
@@ -625,6 +628,10 @@ pub(super) struct ScaleStage {
     dirty_at_open: bool,
     baseline: ScaleSnapshot,
     changed: bool,
+    /// The manager materialised the fallback scale set into real objects on
+    /// open. Even with no user edit these must be reverted on close, so the
+    /// discard restores the baseline when this is set (not only on `changed`).
+    materialized: bool,
 }
 
 impl OpenCADStudio {
@@ -637,19 +644,20 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
             .filter(|(_, o)| matches!(o, ObjectType::Scale(_)))
             .map(|(h, o)| (*h, o.clone()))
             .collect();
-        let root_h = doc.header.named_objects_dict_handle;
-        let scalelist_h =
-            crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(doc, root_h).and_then(|d| d.get("ACAD_SCALELIST"));
+        let scalelist_h = self.tabs[i].scene.scalelist_dict_handle();
         let scalelist = scalelist_h.and_then(|h| doc.objects.get(&h).map(|o| (h, o.clone())));
-        ScaleSnapshot { scales, scalelist }
+        let current = doc.header.current_annotation_scale.clone();
+        ScaleSnapshot {
+            scales,
+            scalelist,
+            current,
+        }
     }
 
     fn restore_scale_state(&mut self, snap: &ScaleSnapshot) {
         let i = self.active_tab;
         let root_h = self.tabs[i].scene.document.header.named_objects_dict_handle;
-        let cur_scalelist_h =
-            crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.tabs[i].scene.document, root_h)
-                .and_then(|d| d.get("ACAD_SCALELIST"));
+        let cur_scalelist_h = self.tabs[i].scene.scalelist_dict_handle();
         let doc = &mut self.tabs[i].scene.document;
         doc.objects.retain(|_, o| !matches!(o, ObjectType::Scale(_)));
         if let Some(h) = cur_scalelist_h {
@@ -670,6 +678,24 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                 root.entries.push(("ACAD_SCALELIST".to_string(), h));
             }
         }
+        // Repair a dangling current-scale pointer. A staged rename/delete of the
+        // current scale rewrote the header outside this snapshot; if the live
+        // name no longer resolves against the restored list, fall back to the
+        // snapshot's name. A Set Current to a still-valid scale is preserved.
+        let cur = self.tabs[i]
+            .scene
+            .document
+            .header
+            .current_annotation_scale
+            .clone();
+        let resolves = self.tabs[i]
+            .scene
+            .scale_list()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|(n, _, _)| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&cur));
+        if !resolves {
+            self.tabs[i].scene.document.header.current_annotation_scale = snap.current.clone();
+        }
         self.tabs[i].scene.bump_geometry();
     }
 
@@ -681,6 +707,7 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
             dirty_at_open,
             baseline,
             changed: false,
+            materialized: false,
         });
     }
 
@@ -692,6 +719,14 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Flag that the manager materialised the fallback scale set on open, so
+    /// the discard reverts it even when the user made no edit.
+    pub(super) fn scale_stage_materialized(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(s) = self.scale_stage.as_mut() {
+            s.materialized = true;
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Commit staged scale changes (Apply): one undo entry, mark dirty, and
     /// re-baseline so the still-open window keeps staging afresh. A no-op Apply
     /// (nothing staged) does nothing.
@@ -713,6 +748,9 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
             dirty_at_open: true,
             baseline: edited,
             changed: false,
+            // The materialised set is now committed as the new baseline, so it
+            // no longer needs reverting on close.
+            materialized: false,
         });
     }
 
@@ -722,7 +760,9 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
         let Some(stage) = self.scale_stage.take() else {
             return;
         };
-        if stage.changed {
+        // Revert on a real edit *or* when only the fallback set was materialised
+        // (opened but not applied) — otherwise those 12 scales would leak in.
+        if stage.changed || stage.materialized {
             self.restore_scale_state(&stage.baseline);
             self.tabs[self.active_tab].dirty = stage.dirty_at_open;
         }
diff --git a/src/app/update/mod.rs b/src/app/update/mod.rs
index 529e4aa93..1d32c8963 100644
--- a/src/app/update/mod.rs
+++ b/src/app/update/mod.rs
@@ -1653,29 +1653,42 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
             Message::ScaleManagerOpen => {
                 let i = self.active_tab;
                 self.scale_popup_open = false;
-                // Snapshot so New / Delete / edits revert if closed without Apply.
+                // Snapshot so New / Copy / Delete / edits revert if closed
+                // without Apply.
                 self.scale_stage_begin();
-                // Open on the current scale, ready to edit (not a new draft).
-                self.scale_manager_new = false;
+                // Fallback scales are virtual (no real objects), so they can't
+                // be edited or renamed. Materialise the standard set into real
+                // staged objects so the manager behaves like a drawing with its
+                // own list; the stage reverts them on close unless applied.
+                if self.tabs[i].scene.ensure_real_scale_list() {
+                    self.scale_stage_materialized();
+                }
+                self.scale_rename = None;
                 let cur = self.tabs[i]
                     .scene
                     .document
                     .header
                     .current_annotation_scale
                     .clone();
-                self.load_scale_editor(&cur);
+                // Select the current scale, or the first one if it isn't listed.
+                if self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(&cur).is_some() {
+                    self.load_scale_editor(&cur);
+                } else if let Some((first, _, _)) =
+                    self.tabs[i].scene.scale_list().into_iter().next()
+                {
+                    self.load_scale_editor(&first);
+                }
                 self.active_modal = Some(crate::app::ModalKind::ScaleManager);
                 Task::none()
             }
             Message::ScaleManagerSelect(name) => {
-                self.scale_manager_new = false;
+                // Stage the current editor edits before switching so they aren't
+                // lost, then load the newly-selected scale.
+                self.scale_rename = None;
+                self.scale_apply_current();
                 self.load_scale_editor(&name);
                 Task::none()
             }
-            Message::ScaleManagerNameBuf(s) => {
-                self.scale_manager_name_buf = s;
-                Task::none()
-            }
             Message::ScaleManagerPaperBuf(s) => {
                 self.scale_manager_paper_buf = s;
                 Task::none()
@@ -1685,64 +1698,83 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                 Task::none()
             }
             Message::ScaleManagerNew => {
-                // Start a blank draft — nothing is added to the drawing until
-                // Apply; closing the manager without Apply discards it.
-                self.scale_manager_new = true;
-                self.scale_manager_selected.clear();
-                self.scale_manager_name_buf.clear();
-                self.scale_manager_paper_buf = "1".to_string();
-                self.scale_manager_drawing_buf = "1".to_string();
+                // Add a new scale to the list immediately (staged) and select it,
+                // like the style managers' New. The user edits its name / ratio;
+                // it's kept only if Apply is pressed before the window closes.
+                self.scale_apply_current();
+                let i = self.active_tab;
+                let name = self.unique_scale_name("New Scale");
+                if self.tabs[i].scene.add_scale(&name, 1.0, 1.0) {
+                    self.load_scale_editor(&name);
+                    self.scale_stage_mark();
+                }
                 Task::none()
             }
-            Message::ScaleManagerApply => {
-                // Fold the editor's add / edit into the staged document, then
-                // commit the whole transaction (this change plus any staged
-                // deletes) as one undo entry. A new draft is added; otherwise
-                // the selected scale is renamed / re-ratioed.
+            Message::ScaleManagerCopy => {
+                // Duplicate the selected scale under a unique name (staged).
+                self.scale_apply_current();
                 let i = self.active_tab;
-                let name = self.scale_manager_name_buf.trim().to_string();
-                let paper = self.scale_manager_paper_buf.trim().parse::<f64>().ok();
-                let drawing = self.scale_manager_drawing_buf.trim().parse::<f64>().ok();
-                if let (false, Some(paper), Some(drawing)) = (name.is_empty(), paper, drawing) {
-                    if paper > 0.0 && drawing > 0.0 {
-                        let ok = if self.scale_manager_new {
-                            self.tabs[i].scene.add_scale(&name, paper, drawing)
-                        } else {
-                            let old = self.scale_manager_selected.clone();
-                            if !old.is_empty()
-                                && self.tabs[i].scene.edit_scale(&old, &name, paper, drawing)
-                            {
-                                // Follow a rename of the current annotation scale
-                                // so its pointer doesn't dangle.
-                                if self.tabs[i]
-                                    .scene
-                                    .document
-                                    .header
-                                    .current_annotation_scale
-                                    .eq_ignore_ascii_case(&old)
-                                {
-                                    self.tabs[i].scene.document.header.current_annotation_scale =
-                                        name.clone();
-                                }
-                                true
-                            } else if !old.is_empty()
-                                && self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(&old).is_none()
-                            {
-                                // Editing one of the built-in fallback scales the
-                                // picker shows when the drawing has no scale list
-                                // of its own — materialise it as a real scale.
-                                self.tabs[i].scene.add_scale(&name, paper, drawing)
-                            } else {
-                                false
-                            }
-                        };
+                let sel = self.scale_manager_selected.clone();
+                if !sel.is_empty() {
+                    let (paper, drawing) =
+                        self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(&sel).unwrap_or((1.0, 1.0));
+                    let name = self.unique_scale_name(&sel);
+                    if self.tabs[i].scene.add_scale(&name, paper, drawing) {
+                        self.load_scale_editor(&name);
+                        self.scale_stage_mark();
+                    }
+                }
+                Task::none()
+            }
+            Message::ScaleRenameStart(name) => {
+                // Stage current editor edits, then rename this row inline.
+                self.scale_apply_current();
+                self.scale_rename_buf = name.clone();
+                self.scale_rename = Some(name);
+                iced::widget::operation::focus(crate::ui::style::scale_manager::rename_input_id())
+            }
+            Message::ScaleRenameEdit(s) => {
+                self.scale_rename_buf = s;
+                Task::none()
+            }
+            Message::ScaleRenameCommit => {
+                let i = self.active_tab;
+                if let Some(old) = self.scale_rename.take() {
+                    let new = self.scale_rename_buf.trim().to_string();
+                    if !new.is_empty() && !new.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&old) {
+                        let (paper, drawing) =
+                            self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(&old).unwrap_or((1.0, 1.0));
+                        // Only fall back to add_scale for a built-in fallback (no
+                        // real object); never for a real scale whose rename was
+                        // rejected (name collision) — that would duplicate it.
+                        let ok = self.tabs[i].scene.edit_scale(&old, &new, paper, drawing)
+                            || (self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(&old).is_none()
+                                && self.tabs[i].scene.add_scale(&new, paper, drawing));
                         if ok {
-                            self.scale_manager_new = false;
-                            self.scale_manager_selected = name;
+                            if self.tabs[i]
+                                .scene
+                                .document
+                                .header
+                                .current_annotation_scale
+                                .eq_ignore_ascii_case(&old)
+                            {
+                                self.tabs[i].scene.document.header.current_annotation_scale =
+                                    new.clone();
+                            }
+                            if self.scale_manager_selected.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&old) {
+                                self.load_scale_editor(&new);
+                            }
                             self.scale_stage_mark();
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                Task::none()
+            }
+            Message::ScaleManagerApply => {
+                // Fold the editor into the selected scale, then commit the staged
+                // transaction (this edit plus any New / Copy / Delete since open)
+                // as one undo entry.
+                self.scale_apply_current();
                 self.scale_stage_commit();
                 Task::none()
             }
@@ -1756,10 +1788,9 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                     .header
                     .current_annotation_scale
                     .clone();
-                if !self.scale_manager_new && !sel.is_empty() && !sel.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&cur) {
+                if !sel.is_empty() && !sel.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&cur) {
                     if self.tabs[i].scene.remove_scale(&sel) {
                         self.scale_manager_selected.clear();
-                        self.scale_manager_name_buf.clear();
                         self.scale_manager_paper_buf.clear();
                         self.scale_manager_drawing_buf.clear();
                         self.scale_stage_mark();
@@ -3542,6 +3573,7 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                 Task::none()
             }
             Message::TextStyleDialogSelect(name) => {
+                self.stage_textstyle_bufs();
                 let i = self.active_tab;
                 self.textstyle_selected = name;
                 self.load_textstyle_bufs(i);
@@ -3655,6 +3687,7 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                 Task::none()
             }
             Message::TableStyleDialogSelect(name) => {
+                self.stage_tablestyle_bufs();
                 self.tablestyle_selected = name;
                 let i = self.active_tab;
                 self.load_tablestyle_bufs(i);
@@ -3672,25 +3705,7 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
             }
 
             Message::TableStyleApply => {
-                use acadrust::objects::ObjectType;
-                let i = self.active_tab;
-                let name = self.tablestyle_selected.clone();
-                let h: Option<f64> = self.ts_hmargin.trim().parse().ok();
-                let v: Option<f64> = self.ts_vmargin.trim().parse().ok();
-                let desc = self.ts_description.clone();
-                for obj in self.tabs[i].scene.document.objects.values_mut() {
-                    if let ObjectType::TableStyle(s) = obj {
-                        if s.name == name {
-                            if let Some(h) = h {
-                                s.horizontal_margin = h;
-                            }
-                            if let Some(v) = v {
-                                s.vertical_margin = v;
-                            }
-                            s.description = desc.clone();
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+                self.stage_tablestyle_bufs();
                 self.style_stage_commit();
                 Task::none()
             }
@@ -3935,6 +3950,7 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                 Task::none()
             }
             Message::MLeaderStyleDialogSelect(name) => {
+                self.stage_mleaderstyle_bufs();
                 self.mleaderstyle_selected = name;
                 let i = self.active_tab;
                 self.load_mleaderstyle_bufs(i);
@@ -4002,6 +4018,8 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
             }
             Message::DimStyleDialogSelect(name) => {
                 let i = self.active_tab;
+                // Stage the current edits before switching so they aren't lost.
+                self.apply_dimstyle_bufs(i);
                 self.dimstyle_selected = name;
                 self.load_dimstyle_bufs(i);
                 Task::none()
@@ -4078,7 +4096,6 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
     fn load_scale_editor(&mut self, name: &str) {
         let i = self.active_tab;
         self.scale_manager_selected = name.to_string();
-        self.scale_manager_name_buf = name.to_string();
         match self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(name) {
             Some((p, d)) => {
                 self.scale_manager_paper_buf = format!("{p}");
@@ -4091,4 +4108,81 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Fold the editor's paper:drawing ratio into the selected scale, keeping
+    /// its name (renaming is done inline in the list). Staged, no commit — so
+    /// the ratio edit survives Apply *and* switching to another row. Editing a
+    /// built-in fallback scale materialises it as a real one.
+    fn scale_apply_current(&mut self) {
+        let i = self.active_tab;
+        let sel = self.scale_manager_selected.clone();
+        if sel.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let paper = self.scale_manager_paper_buf.trim().parse::<f64>().ok();
+        let drawing = self.scale_manager_drawing_buf.trim().parse::<f64>().ok();
+        if let (Some(paper), Some(drawing)) = (paper, drawing) {
+            if paper > 0.0 && drawing > 0.0 {
+                // Skip when the editor still holds the stored ratio, so merely
+                // navigating between scales doesn't dirty the drawing.
+                if let Some((cp, cd)) = self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(&sel) {
+                    if (cp - paper).abs() < 1e-9 && (cd - drawing).abs() < 1e-9 {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                let changed = self.tabs[i].scene.edit_scale(&sel, &sel, paper, drawing)
+                    || (self.tabs[i].scene.scale_paper_drawing(&sel).is_none()
+                        && self.tabs[i].scene.add_scale(&sel, paper, drawing));
+                if changed {
+                    self.scale_stage_mark();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Write the table-style editor buffers (margins / description) into the
+    /// selected style (staged, no commit), so edits survive switching as well
+    /// as Apply.
+    fn stage_tablestyle_bufs(&mut self) {
+        use acadrust::objects::ObjectType;
+        let i = self.active_tab;
+        let name = self.tablestyle_selected.clone();
+        let h: Option<f64> = self.ts_hmargin.trim().parse().ok();
+        let v: Option<f64> = self.ts_vmargin.trim().parse().ok();
+        let desc = self.ts_description.clone();
+        for obj in self.tabs[i].scene.document.objects.values_mut() {
+            if let ObjectType::TableStyle(s) = obj {
+                if s.name == name {
+                    if let Some(h) = h {
+                        s.horizontal_margin = h;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = v {
+                        s.vertical_margin = v;
+                    }
+                    s.description = desc.clone();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A scale name based on `base`, suffixed " (n)" until it's unique in the
+    /// drawing's scale list (used by New / Copy).
+    fn unique_scale_name(&self, base: &str) -> String {
+        let existing: std::collections::HashSet<String> = self.tabs[self.active_tab]
+            .scene
+            .scale_list()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(n, _, _)| n.to_ascii_lowercase())
+            .collect();
+        if !existing.contains(&base.to_ascii_lowercase()) {
+            return base.to_string();
+        }
+        let mut n = 2;
+        loop {
+            let candidate = format!("{base} ({n})");
+            if !existing.contains(&candidate.to_ascii_lowercase()) {
+                return candidate;
+            }
+            n += 1;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/app/update/style.rs b/src/app/update/style.rs
index 1af8519ec..0061d2657 100644
--- a/src/app/update/style.rs
+++ b/src/app/update/style.rs
@@ -497,7 +497,9 @@ pub(super) fn on_text_style_dialog_open(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
                 Task::none()
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn on_text_style_apply(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
+    /// Write the editor buffers into the selected text style (staged, no
+    /// commit), so edits survive switching to another style as well as Apply.
+    pub(super) fn stage_textstyle_bufs(&mut self) {
                 let i = self.active_tab;
                 let name = self.textstyle_selected.clone();
                 let font = self.textstyle_font.clone();
@@ -520,6 +522,10 @@ pub(super) fn on_text_style_dialog_open(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
                         s.height = h.max(0.0);
                     }
                 }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn on_text_style_apply(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
+                self.stage_textstyle_bufs();
                 self.style_stage_commit();
                 Task::none()
     }
@@ -838,7 +844,9 @@ pub(super) fn on_text_style_dialog_open(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
                 Task::none()
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn on_mleader_style_apply(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
+    /// Write the editor buffers into the selected multileader style (staged, no
+    /// commit), so edits survive switching to another style as well as Apply.
+    pub(super) fn stage_mleaderstyle_bufs(&mut self) {
                 let i = self.active_tab;
                 let (ld, lg, asz, th, sf, bg, fsa, ssa, mp, dt, lc, tc) = (
                     self.mls_landing_distance.parse::<f64>().ok(),
@@ -920,6 +928,10 @@ pub(super) fn on_text_style_dialog_open(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
                         s.block_content_scale_z = v;
                     }
                 }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn on_mleader_style_apply(&mut self) -> Task<Message> {
+                self.stage_mleaderstyle_bufs();
                 self.style_stage_commit();
                 Task::none()
     }
diff --git a/src/app/view/modal.rs b/src/app/view/modal.rs
index a80f25cbe..65c9c1cf3 100644
--- a/src/app/view/modal.rs
+++ b/src/app/view/modal.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
                         &scales,
                         &self.scale_manager_selected,
                         &current,
-                        &self.scale_manager_name_buf,
+                        self.scale_rename.as_deref(),
+                        &self.scale_rename_buf,
                         &self.scale_manager_paper_buf,
                         &self.scale_manager_drawing_buf,
                     ),
diff --git a/src/scene/mod.rs b/src/scene/mod.rs
index dcd952cea..54ddc942a 100644
--- a/src/scene/mod.rs
+++ b/src/scene/mod.rs
@@ -1825,6 +1825,59 @@ impl Scene {
     /// ratio (0.02 for "1:50"). Sorted smallest ratio first (1:100 … 1:1 …
     /// 10:1). Falls back to a standard ratio set when the drawing carries no
     /// scale list of its own, so the scale picker is always usable. (#154)
+    /// Standard fallback ratio set as (label, paper/drawing factor). Shown when
+    /// the drawing defines no annotation scales of its own, and materialised as
+    /// real `Scale` objects on demand by [`Scene::ensure_real_scale_list`].
+    const DEFAULT_SCALES: &'static [(&'static str, f64)] = &[
+        ("1:500", 0.002),
+        ("1:200", 0.005),
+        ("1:100", 0.01),
+        ("1:50", 0.02),
+        ("1:20", 0.05),
+        ("1:10", 0.1),
+        ("1:5", 0.2),
+        ("1:2", 0.5),
+        ("1:1", 1.0),
+        ("2:1", 2.0),
+        ("5:1", 5.0),
+        ("10:1", 10.0),
+    ];
+
+    /// True when the drawing owns at least one annotation scale of its own
+    /// (i.e. `scale_list` returns real objects rather than the fallback set).
+    fn has_own_scales(&self) -> bool {
+        self.document.objects.values().any(|o| {
+            matches!(o, ObjectType::Scale(s)
+                if !s.is_temporary
+                    && !s.name.contains('|')
+                    && !s.name.to_ascii_uppercase().ends_with("_XREF"))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// If the drawing has no annotation scales of its own, populate it with the
+    /// standard fallback set as real `Scale` objects (and the `ACAD_SCALELIST`
+    /// dictionary) so they can be selected, edited and renamed uniformly with a
+    /// drawing that ships its own list. Returns `true` if any were created.
+    ///
+    /// The scale manager calls this on open and stages the result, so the set
+    /// is discarded again unless the user applies an edit.
+    pub fn ensure_real_scale_list(&mut self) -> bool {
+        if self.has_own_scales() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for &(label, factor) in Self::DEFAULT_SCALES {
+            // Fallback labels are "paper:drawing"; parse them for tidy whole
+            // units, else derive drawing units from the factor (paper = 1).
+            let (paper, drawing) = label
+                .split_once(':')
+                .and_then(|(p, d)| Some((p.trim().parse::<f64>().ok()?, d.trim().parse::<f64>().ok()?)))
+                .filter(|&(p, d)| p > 0.0 && d > 0.0)
+                .unwrap_or((1.0, 1.0 / factor));
+            self.add_scale(label, paper, drawing);
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
     pub fn scale_list(&self) -> Vec<(String, f32, f64)> {
         let mut list: Vec<(String, f32, f64)> = self
             .document
@@ -1852,21 +1905,7 @@ impl Scene {
             // annotation / viewport scale picker would be empty and so appear
             // broken. Substitute the standard ratio set — file scales still
             // win whenever the drawing actually defines any. (#154)
-            const DEFAULT_SCALES: &[(&str, f64)] = &[
-                ("1:500", 0.002),
-                ("1:200", 0.005),
-                ("1:100", 0.01),
-                ("1:50", 0.02),
-                ("1:20", 0.05),
-                ("1:10", 0.1),
-                ("1:5", 0.2),
-                ("1:2", 0.5),
-                ("1:1", 1.0),
-                ("2:1", 2.0),
-                ("5:1", 5.0),
-                ("10:1", 10.0),
-            ];
-            list = DEFAULT_SCALES
+            list = Self::DEFAULT_SCALES
                 .iter()
                 .map(|&(label, vp)| (label.to_string(), (1.0 / vp) as f32, vp))
                 .collect();
@@ -1874,18 +1913,61 @@ impl Scene {
         list
     }
 
+    /// Handle of the drawing's `ACAD_SCALELIST` dictionary, located robustly.
+    ///
+    /// The canonical path is the root named-objects dict → `"ACAD_SCALELIST"`,
+    /// but DWGs written by other programs don't always expose a resolvable root
+    /// dict (the header handle points at no loaded object). In that case fall
+    /// back to the owner dictionary shared by the drawing's `Scale` objects.
+    /// Returns `None` only when the drawing genuinely has no scale list.
+    pub(crate) fn scalelist_dict_handle(&self) -> Option<Handle> {
+        use acadrust::objects::ObjectType;
+        let root_h = self.document.header.named_objects_dict_handle;
+        if let Some(h) = crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, root_h)
+            .and_then(|d| d.get("ACAD_SCALELIST"))
+        {
+            return Some(h);
+        }
+        let owner = self.document.objects.values().find_map(|o| match o {
+            ObjectType::Scale(s) if !s.is_temporary => Some(s.owner_handle),
+            _ => None,
+        })?;
+        matches!(
+            self.document.objects.get(&owner),
+            Some(ObjectType::Dictionary(_))
+        )
+        .then_some(owner)
+    }
+
+    /// Handle of the real (non-temporary) `Scale` object with this display name.
+    /// Scales are matched by their `name` field, not the dictionary key — some
+    /// files key the entries by an internal identifier (`*A1`, `A0`, …) that
+    /// bears no relation to the scale name.
+    fn scale_object_handle(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Handle> {
+        use acadrust::objects::ObjectType;
+        self.document.objects.iter().find_map(|(h, o)| match o {
+            ObjectType::Scale(s) if !s.is_temporary && s.name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name) => {
+                Some(*h)
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Add a named annotation scale to the drawing's `ACAD_SCALELIST`. Returns
     /// `false` if a scale with that name already exists. Creates the SCALELIST
     /// dictionary (and registers it in the root dictionary) when the drawing
     /// has none of its own — many minimal files carry no scale list at all.
     pub fn add_scale(&mut self, name: &str, paper: f64, drawing: f64) -> bool {
         use acadrust::objects::{Dictionary, ObjectType, Scale};
-        let root_h = self.document.header.named_objects_dict_handle;
-        let scalelist_h = match crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, root_h)
-            .and_then(|d| d.get("ACAD_SCALELIST"))
-        {
+        // Reject a duplicate by the scale's display name (the dictionary key may
+        // be an unrelated internal identifier, so check the objects directly).
+        if self.scale_object_handle(name).is_some() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let scalelist_h = match self.scalelist_dict_handle() {
             Some(h) => h,
             None => {
+                let root_h = self.document.header.named_objects_dict_handle;
                 let h = self.document.allocate_handle();
                 let mut d = Dictionary::new();
                 d.handle = h;
@@ -1899,12 +1981,6 @@ impl Scene {
                 h
             }
         };
-        // Reject a duplicate name (case-insensitive).
-        if crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, scalelist_h)
-            .is_some_and(|d| d.entries.iter().any(|(n, _)| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name)))
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
         let sh = self.document.allocate_handle();
         let mut s = Scale::new(name, paper, drawing);
         s.handle = sh;
@@ -1922,25 +1998,18 @@ impl Scene {
     /// — the caller guards that.
     pub fn remove_scale(&mut self, name: &str) -> bool {
         use acadrust::objects::ObjectType;
-        let root_h = self.document.header.named_objects_dict_handle;
-        let Some(scalelist_h) = crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, root_h)
-            .and_then(|d| d.get("ACAD_SCALELIST"))
-        else {
-            return false;
-        };
-        let Some(sh) = crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, scalelist_h).and_then(
-            |d| {
-                d.entries
-                    .iter()
-                    .find(|(n, _)| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name))
-                    .map(|(_, h)| *h)
-            },
-        ) else {
+        let Some(sh) = self.scale_object_handle(name) else {
             return false;
         };
+        // Resolve the dictionary before removing the object (the fallback lookup
+        // reads a surviving scale's owner).
+        let dict_h = self.scalelist_dict_handle();
         self.document.objects.remove(&sh);
-        if let Some(ObjectType::Dictionary(sl)) = self.document.objects.get_mut(&scalelist_h) {
-            sl.entries.retain(|(n, _)| !n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name));
+        if let Some(dict_h) = dict_h {
+            if let Some(ObjectType::Dictionary(sl)) = self.document.objects.get_mut(&dict_h) {
+                // Match by handle — the entry key is not necessarily the name.
+                sl.entries.retain(|(_, h)| *h != sh);
+            }
         }
         true
     }
@@ -1949,28 +2018,16 @@ impl Scene {
     /// if the scale is missing or the new name collides with another scale.
     pub fn edit_scale(&mut self, old_name: &str, new_name: &str, paper: f64, drawing: f64) -> bool {
         use acadrust::objects::ObjectType;
-        let root_h = self.document.header.named_objects_dict_handle;
-        let Some(scalelist_h) = crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, root_h)
-            .and_then(|d| d.get("ACAD_SCALELIST"))
-        else {
+        let Some(sh) = self.scale_object_handle(old_name) else {
             return false;
         };
-        let Some(sh) = crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, scalelist_h).and_then(
-            |d| {
-                d.entries
-                    .iter()
-                    .find(|(n, _)| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(old_name))
-                    .map(|(_, h)| *h)
-            },
-        ) else {
-            return false;
-        };
-        // A new name that collides with a *different* scale is rejected.
-        if !new_name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(old_name)
-            && crate::scene::annotative::as_dict(&self.document, scalelist_h)
-                .is_some_and(|d| d.entries.iter().any(|(n, _)| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(new_name)))
-        {
-            return false;
+        // A new name that collides with a *different* scale object is rejected.
+        if !new_name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(old_name) {
+            if let Some(other) = self.scale_object_handle(new_name) {
+                if other != sh {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
         }
         if let Some(ObjectType::Scale(s)) = self.document.objects.get_mut(&sh) {
             s.name = new_name.to_string();
@@ -1978,9 +2035,12 @@ impl Scene {
             s.drawing_units = drawing;
             s.is_unit_scale = (paper - drawing).abs() < 1e-10;
         }
-        if let Some(ObjectType::Dictionary(sl)) = self.document.objects.get_mut(&scalelist_h) {
-            if let Some(e) = sl.entries.iter_mut().find(|(n, _)| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(old_name)) {
-                e.0 = new_name.to_string();
+        // Keep the owning dictionary's entry key in sync, matched by handle.
+        if let Some(dict_h) = self.scalelist_dict_handle() {
+            if let Some(ObjectType::Dictionary(sl)) = self.document.objects.get_mut(&dict_h) {
+                if let Some(e) = sl.entries.iter_mut().find(|(_, h)| *h == sh) {
+                    e.0 = new_name.to_string();
+                }
             }
         }
         true
diff --git a/src/ui/popup/scale_popup.rs b/src/ui/popup/scale_popup.rs
index d21fee568..b0c6aeb41 100644
--- a/src/ui/popup/scale_popup.rs
+++ b/src/ui/popup/scale_popup.rs
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ fn scale_row(label: String, active: bool, msg: Message) -> Element<'static, Mess
 }
 
 fn manage_row() -> Element<'static, Message> {
-    button(text("Manage scales...").size(11).color(CHECK_COLOR))
+    button(text("Manage...").size(11).color(CHECK_COLOR))
         .on_press(Message::ScaleManagerOpen)
         .style(|_: &Theme, status| button::Style {
             background: Some(Background::Color(match status {
diff --git a/src/ui/style/scale_manager.rs b/src/ui/style/scale_manager.rs
index eae4ec110..0f51dfd88 100644
--- a/src/ui/style/scale_manager.rs
+++ b/src/ui/style/scale_manager.rs
@@ -7,9 +7,16 @@
 
 use crate::app::Message;
 use crate::ui::style::style_manager::{hdivider, tb_button, vsep, BG, BORDER, DIM, LIST, TB, TEXT};
-use iced::widget::{button, column, container, row, scrollable, text, text_input, Space};
+use iced::widget::{
+    column, container, mouse_area, row, scrollable, text, text_input, Space,
+};
 use iced::{Background, Border, Color, Element, Fill, Theme};
 
+/// Inline-rename text-input id, so the rename-start handler can focus it.
+pub fn rename_input_id() -> iced::widget::Id {
+    iced::widget::Id::new("scale-rename-input")
+}
+
 const INPUT_BG: Color = Color {
     r: 0.10,
     g: 0.10,
@@ -55,7 +62,8 @@ pub fn view_window<'a, 'b>(
     scales: &'b [(String, String)],
     selected: &'b str,
     current: &'b str,
-    name_buf: &'a str,
+    rename_active: Option<&'b str>,
+    rename_buf: &'a str,
     paper_buf: &'a str,
     drawing_buf: &'a str,
 ) -> Element<'a, Message> {
@@ -63,6 +71,7 @@ pub fn view_window<'a, 'b>(
     let toolbar = container(
         row![
             tb_button("New", Message::ScaleManagerNew, false),
+            tb_button("Copy", Message::ScaleManagerCopy, false),
             tb_button("Delete", Message::ScaleManagerDelete, false),
             Space::new().width(Fill),
             tb_button("Set Current", Message::ScaleManagerSetCurrent, false),
@@ -82,6 +91,18 @@ pub fn view_window<'a, 'b>(
     let rows: Vec<Element<'_, Message>> = scales
         .iter()
         .map(|(name, ratio)| {
+            // The row being renamed shows an inline text field; a single click
+            // selects, a double click starts renaming.
+            if rename_active == Some(name.as_str()) {
+                return text_input("", rename_buf)
+                    .id(rename_input_id())
+                    .on_input(Message::ScaleRenameEdit)
+                    .on_submit(Message::ScaleRenameCommit)
+                    .size(11)
+                    .padding([4, 8])
+                    .width(Fill)
+                    .into();
+            }
             let is_sel = name.as_str() == selected;
             let is_cur = name.eq_ignore_ascii_case(current);
             let check = crate::ui::icons::check_cell(is_cur, CURRENT_CHECK);
@@ -92,26 +113,17 @@ pub fn view_window<'a, 'b>(
             ]
             .spacing(4)
             .align_y(iced::Center);
-            button(label)
-                .on_press(Message::ScaleManagerSelect(name.clone()))
-                .style(move |_: &Theme, st| button::Style {
-                    background: Some(Background::Color(if is_sel {
-                        ACTIVE
-                    } else if matches!(st, button::Status::Hovered) {
-                        Color {
-                            r: 0.20,
-                            g: 0.20,
-                            b: 0.20,
-                            a: 1.0,
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        Color::TRANSPARENT
-                    })),
-                    text_color: TEXT,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                })
-                .width(Fill)
+            let cell = container(label)
                 .padding([4, 8])
+                .width(Fill)
+                .style(move |_: &Theme| container::Style {
+                    background: is_sel.then_some(Background::Color(ACTIVE)),
+                    text_color: Some(TEXT),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                });
+            mouse_area(cell)
+                .on_press(Message::ScaleManagerSelect(name.clone()))
+                .on_double_click(Message::ScaleRenameStart(name.clone()))
                 .into()
         })
         .collect();
@@ -164,11 +176,10 @@ pub fn view_window<'a, 'b>(
     let editor = container(
         column![
             text("Scale").size(10).color(DIM),
-            field("Name", "e.g. 1:50", name_buf, Message::ScaleManagerNameBuf),
             field("Paper units", "1", paper_buf, Message::ScaleManagerPaperBuf),
             field("Drawing units", "50", drawing_buf, Message::ScaleManagerDrawingBuf),
             Space::new().height(6),
-            text("New starts a blank scale; edit the fields and click Apply to save it. Changes are discarded if you close without Apply.")
+            text("Double-click a scale to rename it; edit its paper : drawing ratio here. New / Copy add a scale. Changes are kept only if you click Apply before closing.")
                 .size(10)
                 .color(DIM),
         ]