diff --git a/src/app/view/mod.rs b/src/app/view/mod.rs
index ec566dc3a..e10cda835 100644
--- a/src/app/view/mod.rs
+++ b/src/app/view/mod.rs
@@ -177,7 +177,20 @@ impl OpenCADStudio {
         // All dialogs are in-canvas modals now (Plan B); view_main stacks the
         // active one. `window_id` is unused — there is only the main window.
         let _ = window_id;
-        self.view_main()
+        // Pan latency on a large drawing is ~120 ms while `update`, `prepare`
+        // and `encode` together account for ~1 ms of it, the GPU sits at 0-8%,
+        // and encoding no scene at all changes nothing. Widget-tree
+        // construction is the largest span between the input handler returning
+        // and `prepare` running, and it was never measured.
+        let started = crate::perf::enabled().then(iced::time::Instant::now);
+        let element = self.view_main();
+        if let Some(started) = started {
+            let elapsed_ms = started.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+            if elapsed_ms >= 1.0 {
+                crate::perf_record!("[perf] view {:>7.1}ms", elapsed_ms);
+            }
+        }
+        element
     }
 
     /// The primary window: viewport, ribbon, tab bar, status bar. Split out of
diff --git a/src/io/mod.rs b/src/io/mod.rs
index a839bd2a5..b278576e5 100644
--- a/src/io/mod.rs
+++ b/src/io/mod.rs
@@ -383,6 +383,8 @@ async fn open_path_with_phase_attempt(
             purge_ms,
             caches_ms: t_caches.elapsed().as_millis() as u32,
                     xref_ms,
+                    // Filled in after `prepare_open_geometry` below.
+                    finalize_ms: 0,
         };
         caches.corrupt_dropped = dropped;
                 caches.read_stats = Some(read_stats);
@@ -395,11 +397,24 @@ async fn open_path_with_phase_attempt(
                     );
                 }
                 progress2.set(crate::app::OPEN_PHASE_FINALIZING, 9600, 0, 1);
+                let t_finalize = Instant::now();
                 let (prepared_doc, prepared_geometry) =
                     crate::scene::prepare_open_geometry(doc, &caches, model_bg);
+                caches.timings.finalize_ms = t_finalize.elapsed().as_millis() as u32;
                 doc = prepared_doc;
                 caches.prepared_geometry = Some(prepared_geometry);
                 progress2.set(crate::app::OPEN_PHASE_FINALIZING, 9950, 1, 1);
+                // The localized command-line summary predates `finalize_ms` and
+                // is keyed on its format string, so the full breakdown goes out
+                // here instead of changing that key across every locale.
+                crate::perf_record!(
+                    "[perf] open-phases parse={}ms purge={}ms xref={}ms caches={}ms finalize={}ms",
+                    caches.timings.parse_ms,
+                    caches.timings.purge_ms,
+                    caches.timings.xref_ms,
+                    caches.timings.caches_ms,
+                    caches.timings.finalize_ms,
+                );
                     Ok((doc, caches))
                 })()
             }));
diff --git a/src/io/recovery.rs b/src/io/recovery.rs
index d8a779b5e..c99f5a55a 100644
--- a/src/io/recovery.rs
+++ b/src/io/recovery.rs
@@ -373,6 +373,7 @@ impl RecoveryReport {
         lines.push(format!("Validation: {} ms", self.timings.purge_ms));
         lines.push(format!("References: {} ms", self.timings.xref_ms));
         lines.push(format!("Scene caches: {} ms", self.timings.caches_ms));
+        lines.push(format!("Geometry prep: {} ms", self.timings.finalize_ms));
         lines.push(format!("Total: {} ms", self.total_ms));
         if !self.diagnostics.is_empty() {
             lines.push(String::new());
diff --git a/src/scene/mod.rs b/src/scene/mod.rs
index abbacd6ca..107eaefdd 100644
--- a/src/scene/mod.rs
+++ b/src/scene/mod.rs
@@ -679,6 +679,10 @@ pub struct OpenTimings {
     pub purge_ms: u32,
     pub caches_ms: u32,
     pub xref_ms: u32,
+    /// The FINALIZING phase: `prepare_open_geometry` — first full Model
+    /// tessellation plus interaction index. Previously unmeasured, which made
+    /// it indistinguishable from parse time in an open that appeared to stall.
+    pub finalize_ms: u32,
 }
 
 /// Build hatch / image / mesh caches from a document without needing `&mut Scene`.
@@ -982,15 +986,36 @@ pub fn prepare_open_geometry(
     };
     scene.current_layout = "Model".to_string();
     let camera = scene.camera.borrow().clone();
+    let perf = crate::perf::enabled();
+    let t_wires = iced::time::Instant::now();
     let wires = scene.model_tile_wires_arc(0, &camera, 1.0, 1.0);
+    let wires_ms = t_wires.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+    let t_index = iced::time::Instant::now();
     let interaction_index = if scene.interaction_index_worthwhile(&wires) {
         let index =
             Arc::new(crate::scene::pick::interaction_index::InteractionIndex::build(&wires));
+        let build_ms = t_index.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+        let t_screen = iced::time::Instant::now();
         index.prepare_screen();
+        if perf {
+            crate::perf_record!(
+                "[perf] open-index build={:.1}ms prepare_screen={:.1}ms",
+                build_ms,
+                t_screen.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
+            );
+        }
         Some(index)
     } else {
         None
     };
+    if perf {
+        crate::perf_record!(
+            "[perf] open-finalize wires={:.1}ms index={:.1}ms wire_models={}",
+            wires_ms,
+            t_index.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
+            wires.len(),
+        );
+    }
     let doc = std::mem::replace(&mut scene.document, CadDocument::new());
     (
         doc,
@@ -5181,14 +5206,29 @@ impl Scene {
                 all_visible,
                 style_viewport,
             );
+        let perf = crate::perf::enabled();
+        let t_post = iced::time::Instant::now();
         // Synthesized nonprint markers (geo-location daisy) live in model space
         // only and are derived from document objects, not entities — append them
         // to the freshly built resident set (incremental patches preserve them).
         if block == self.model_space_block_handle() {
             self.append_scene_markers(&mut wires, bg);
         }
+        let markers_ms = t_post.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+        let t_fade = iced::time::Instant::now();
         self.apply_refedit_fade(&mut wires, bg);
+        let fade_ms = t_fade.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+        let t_layout = iced::time::Instant::now();
         let layout = Self::resident_wire_layout(&wires);
+        if perf {
+            crate::perf_record!(
+                "[perf] resident-post markers={:.1}ms fade={:.1}ms layout={:.1}ms wires={}",
+                markers_ms,
+                fade_ms,
+                t_layout.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
+                wires.len(),
+            );
+        }
         self.last_tess_ms
             .set(t_tess.elapsed().as_secs_f32() * 1000.0);
         self.last_tess_wires.set(wires.len());
@@ -8724,6 +8764,12 @@ impl Scene {
     ) -> Vec<WireModel> {
         use acadrust::objects::ObjectType;
 
+        // Stage timings for the load-path investigation. This function also
+        // runs per frame on the cull path, so the reporting stays behind the
+        // PERF gate. `t_fn` doubles as the start of the sort-cache stage.
+        let perf = crate::perf::enabled();
+        let t_fn = iced::time::Instant::now();
+
         // ── Ensure sort-order index is current ────────────────────────────
         // Replaces the old O(objects) find_map with one rebuild per epoch,
         // after which every wires_for_block call is an O(1) HashMap lookup.
@@ -8765,6 +8811,9 @@ impl Scene {
             )
         };
 
+        let sort_cache_ms = t_fn.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+        let t_visible = iced::time::Instant::now();
+
         // Phase 2.1 — quadtree-driven candidate selection. When a view
         // AABB exists (Model layout with a settled camera), only iterate
         // entities whose stored WCS bbox intersects the view; unindexable
@@ -8815,6 +8864,9 @@ impl Scene {
                 .collect()
         };
 
+        let visible_ms = t_visible.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+        let visible_count = visible.len();
+
         // Tessellate in parallel across all available CPU cores.
         use crate::par::prelude::*;
         let doc = &self.document;
@@ -8847,7 +8899,9 @@ impl Scene {
         // Content shown inside a paper-space viewport carries a scale override;
         // only there does PSLTSCALE resize linetypes by the viewport scale.
         let paper = anno_scale_override.is_some();
+        let t_blk = iced::time::Instant::now();
         let blk_cache = self.block_cache_arc_for(annotation_scale_handle, all_visible, style_viewport);
+        let blk_ms = t_blk.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
         let blk_ref: &cache::block_cache::BlockCache = &blk_cache;
         // Per-entity tessellation memo. Same classify/tessellate logic, two
         // SEPARATE stores so they can't thrash each other:
@@ -8876,6 +8930,15 @@ impl Scene {
         }
         let resident = base_ok && view_aabb.is_none() && wpp.is_none() && resident_memo_enabled();
         let memo_active = base_ok && (view_aabb.is_some() || resident);
+        // Reported in one line below. `tess_ms` / `memo_misses` are assigned by
+        // both branches; the rest exist only on the memo path and stay zero.
+        let mut classify_ms = 0.0f64;
+        let mut hits_ms = 0.0f64;
+        let tess_ms;
+        let mut materialize_ms = 0.0f64;
+        let mut memo_hits = 0usize;
+        let memo_misses;
+        let t_build = iced::time::Instant::now();
         let mut wires: Vec<WireModel> = if memo_active {
             // Guard hash of everything tessellate_entity output depends on
             // besides the entity itself. A mismatch (zoom/tol, view, anno,
@@ -8914,6 +8977,7 @@ impl Scene {
                 guard_cell.set(guard);
             }
             // Classify (serial, cheap): reuse memoized Arcs, collect misses.
+            let t_classify = iced::time::Instant::now();
             let mut hit_arcs: Vec<Arc<Vec<WireModel>>> = Vec::new();
             let mut misses: Vec<&EntityType> = Vec::new();
             {
@@ -8926,11 +8990,17 @@ impl Scene {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            classify_ms = t_classify.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+            memo_hits = hit_arcs.len();
+            memo_misses = misses.len();
             // Materialize hits + tessellate misses, both in parallel.
+            let t_hits = iced::time::Instant::now();
             let hit_wires: Vec<WireModel> = hit_arcs
                 .par_iter()
                 .flat_map_iter(|a| a.iter().cloned())
                 .collect();
+            hits_ms = t_hits.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+            let t_tess_miss = iced::time::Instant::now();
             let miss_pairs: Vec<(Handle, Arc<Vec<WireModel>>)> = misses
                 .par_iter()
                 .map(|e| {
@@ -8951,6 +9021,12 @@ impl Scene {
                     (e.common().handle, Arc::new(w))
                 })
                 .collect();
+            tess_ms = t_tess_miss.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+            // Serial deep-clone of every freshly tessellated wire, while the
+            // memo retains a second copy of the same geometry. Suspected
+            // dominant cost of a cold open; measuring it is the point of this
+            // whole breakdown.
+            let t_materialize = iced::time::Instant::now();
             let mut out = hit_wires;
             {
                 let mut memo = memo_cell.borrow_mut();
@@ -8959,9 +9035,11 @@ impl Scene {
                     memo.insert(*h, Arc::clone(a));
                 }
             }
+            materialize_ms = t_materialize.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
             out
         } else {
-            visible
+            let t_tess_all = iced::time::Instant::now();
+            let out: Vec<WireModel> = visible
                 .into_par_iter()
                 .flat_map(|e| {
                     tessellate_entity(
@@ -8978,14 +9056,21 @@ impl Scene {
                         paper,
                     )
                 })
-                .collect()
+                .collect();
+            tess_ms = t_tess_all.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+            memo_misses = visible_count;
+            out
         };
+        let build_ms = t_build.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
 
         // Apply draw order via the cached index (O(1) block lookup).
+        let t_sort = iced::time::Instant::now();
+        let mut sorted = false;
         {
             let cache = self.sort_cache.borrow();
             if let Some((_, ref idx)) = *cache {
                 if let Some(sort_map) = idx.get(&block_handle) {
+                    sorted = true;
                     wires.sort_by_key(|w| {
                         let key = Self::handle_from_wire_name(&w.name)
                             .map(|h| h.value())
@@ -8999,6 +9084,29 @@ impl Scene {
                 }
             }
         }
+        if perf {
+            crate::perf_record!(
+                "[perf] wires-build total={:.1}ms sort_cache={:.1} visible={:.1} blk_cache={:.1} \
+build={:.1} [classify={:.1} hits={:.1} tess={:.1} materialize={:.1}] sort={:.1}({}) \
+entities={} memo_hit={} memo_miss={} wires={} memo={}",
+                t_fn.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
+                sort_cache_ms,
+                visible_ms,
+                blk_ms,
+                build_ms,
+                classify_ms,
+                hits_ms,
+                tess_ms,
+                materialize_ms,
+                t_sort.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
+                if sorted { "applied" } else { "skipped" },
+                visible_count,
+                memo_hits,
+                memo_misses,
+                wires.len(),
+                if memo_active { "on" } else { "off" },
+            );
+        }
         wires
     }
 
diff --git a/src/scene/view/render.rs b/src/scene/view/render.rs
index 3326543f4..bc0568231 100644
--- a/src/scene/view/render.rs
+++ b/src/scene/view/render.rs
@@ -921,23 +921,10 @@ impl shader::Primitive for Primitive {
                     let built = match cached {
                         Some(entry) => entry,
                         None => {
-                            // Free the superseded content BEFORE allocating its
-                            // replacement. Every geometry edit mints a new content
-                            // id, so a miss here means this slot's current buffers
-                            // are already dead weight — and on a large drawing one
-                            // set is most of the card (measured: 1.3 GB of a 2 GB
-                            // GT 1030). Holding the old set while the new one is
-                            // allocated is what exhausts VRAM after the first edit.
-                            //
-                            // Dropping this slot's handles first is what makes the
-                            // retain below able to see the old entry as garbage; a
-                            // pane still drawing that content keeps its own clone,
-                            // so shared geometry is never pulled out from under it.
+                            // Release superseded buffers before allocating replacements.
+                            // Other panes retain their own references to shared geometry.
                             inner.gpu_wires = std::sync::Arc::new(Vec::new());
                             inner.gpu_block_wires = std::sync::Arc::new(Vec::new());
-                            // Entries no slot still holds: only the cache references
-                            // them. An entry drawn by any pane keeps a strong count
-                            // ≥ 2, so this never drops live geometry.
                             let held_before = pipeline.wire_buffer_cache.len();
                             pipeline.wire_buffer_cache.retain(|_, (w, b, _)| {
                                 std::sync::Arc::strong_count(w) > 1
@@ -950,8 +937,18 @@ impl shader::Primitive for Primitive {
                                     pipeline.wire_buffer_cache.len(),
                                 );
                             }
+                            let t_upload = _perf.then(iced::time::Instant::now);
                             let entry =
                                 inner.build_wire_buffers(device, queue, &vp_wires[..], &draw_depths);
+                            if let Some(start) = t_upload {
+                                crate::perf_record!(
+                                    "[perf] wire-upload {:.1}ms wires={} content_id={}",
+                                    start.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
+                                    vp_wires.len(),
+                                    vp.wire_content_id,
+                                );
+                            }
+
                             pipeline
                                 .wire_buffer_cache
                                 .insert(vp.wire_content_id, entry.clone());