diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3e5d2def..f537310a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3488,6 +3488,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sha2",
  "solidcraft-geom",
  "solidcraft-kernel",
+ "solidcraft-render",
  "solidcraft-sketch",
  "thiserror 2.0.21",
  "web-time",
diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md
index 0b4d738c..c5186ba2 100644
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ PCB / Package, Render, Animation, Simulation, Manufacture/CAM, Drawings.
 
 ## Render foundation
 
+- R2 adds bounded named render setups in document format 21 and the read/save
+  `render.settings.get/set` commands. Proven render-only changes preserve geometry
+  and prepared world data through undo/redo and checkpoint restore. This slice does
+  not add a Render workspace, PBR, environments or image jobs; see
+  [settings and refresh policy](docs/render-settings.md).
 - Bounded PNG/JPEG texture admission (#900) validates in-memory sources and returns
   completed RGBA8 pixels with explicit color/data roles. It is an input utility only:
   ICC/16-bit normalization, local wood mapping, resource persistence and the renderer
diff --git a/assets/locales/de.json b/assets/locales/de.json
index 2407ac69..a683ae0d 100644
--- a/assets/locales/de.json
+++ b/assets/locales/de.json
@@ -752,5 +752,7 @@
   "update.restart_later": "Später",
   "update.installer_started": "Das Installationsprogramm startet, wenn SolidCraft geschlossen wird.",
   "update.dmg_opened": "Das Disk-Image ist geöffnet und geprüft: SolidCraft in „Programme“ ziehen, die alte Version ersetzen und SolidCraft neu starten.",
-  "update.install_failed": "Das Update wurde nicht installiert: {error}. Es wurde nichts verändert; „Herunterladen“ holt das Paket."
+  "update.install_failed": "Das Update wurde nicht installiert: {error}. Es wurde nichts verändert; „Herunterladen“ holt das Paket.",
+  "cmd.render_settings_get": "Rendereinstellungen",
+  "cmd.render_settings_set": "Rendereinstellungen speichern"
 }
diff --git a/assets/locales/en.json b/assets/locales/en.json
index f948a700..2f2e6471 100644
--- a/assets/locales/en.json
+++ b/assets/locales/en.json
@@ -1011,5 +1011,7 @@
   "update.restart_later": "Later",
   "update.installer_started": "The installer starts when SolidCraft closes.",
   "update.dmg_opened": "The disk image is open and verified: drag SolidCraft to Applications, replacing the old copy, then restart SolidCraft.",
-  "update.install_failed": "The update didn't install: {error}. Nothing was changed; Download gets the package instead."
+  "update.install_failed": "The update didn't install: {error}. Nothing was changed; Download gets the package instead.",
+  "cmd.render_settings_get": "Render Settings",
+  "cmd.render_settings_set": "Save Render Settings"
 }
diff --git a/assets/locales/ja.json b/assets/locales/ja.json
index 0c491348..4d19b5c4 100644
--- a/assets/locales/ja.json
+++ b/assets/locales/ja.json
@@ -1011,5 +1011,7 @@
   "update.restart_later": "後で",
   "update.installer_started": "SolidCraft の終了後にインストーラーが起動します。",
   "update.dmg_opened": "ディスクイメージを検証して開きました: SolidCraft をアプリケーションフォルダにドラッグして古いものを置き換え、SolidCraft を再起動してください。",
-  "update.install_failed": "アップデートをインストールできませんでした: {error}。何も変更されていません。「ダウンロード」でパッケージを入手できます。"
+  "update.install_failed": "アップデートをインストールできませんでした: {error}。何も変更されていません。「ダウンロード」でパッケージを入手できます。",
+  "cmd.render_settings_get": "レンダリング設定",
+  "cmd.render_settings_set": "レンダリング設定を保存"
 }
diff --git a/assets/locales/ko.json b/assets/locales/ko.json
index 8580a14d..f8d148ef 100644
--- a/assets/locales/ko.json
+++ b/assets/locales/ko.json
@@ -752,5 +752,7 @@
   "update.restart_later": "나중에",
   "update.installer_started": "SolidCraft가 종료되면 설치 프로그램이 시작됩니다.",
   "update.dmg_opened": "디스크 이미지를 확인하고 열었습니다: SolidCraft를 응용 프로그램 폴더로 끌어 기존 버전을 바꾼 뒤 SolidCraft를 다시 시작하세요.",
-  "update.install_failed": "업데이트를 설치하지 못했습니다: {error}. 아무것도 변경되지 않았습니다. 다운로드로 패키지를 받을 수 있습니다."
+  "update.install_failed": "업데이트를 설치하지 못했습니다: {error}. 아무것도 변경되지 않았습니다. 다운로드로 패키지를 받을 수 있습니다.",
+  "cmd.render_settings_get": "렌더링 설정",
+  "cmd.render_settings_set": "렌더링 설정 저장"
 }
diff --git a/assets/locales/ru.json b/assets/locales/ru.json
index 35bf5de8..d5c55210 100644
--- a/assets/locales/ru.json
+++ b/assets/locales/ru.json
@@ -957,5 +957,7 @@
   "Line Spacing": "Межстрочный интервал",
   "Path": "Траектория",
   "sketch_text.on_path": "Текст следует по траектории: кривая задаёт его положение",
-  "cmd.material_properties_validate": "Проверить данные физического материала"
+  "cmd.material_properties_validate": "Проверить данные физического материала",
+  "cmd.render_settings_get": "Настройки рендеринга",
+  "cmd.render_settings_set": "Сохранить настройки рендеринга"
 }
diff --git a/assets/locales/zh.json b/assets/locales/zh.json
index 42727d85..5cb7ddb6 100644
--- a/assets/locales/zh.json
+++ b/assets/locales/zh.json
@@ -1011,5 +1011,7 @@
   "update.restart_later": "稍后",
   "update.installer_started": "SolidCraft 关闭后将启动安装程序。",
   "update.dmg_opened": "磁盘映像已校验并打开:将 SolidCraft 拖到“应用程序”替换旧版本,然后重启 SolidCraft。",
-  "update.install_failed": "更新未安装:{error}。未做任何更改;可用“下载”获取安装包。"
+  "update.install_failed": "更新未安装:{error}。未做任何更改;可用“下载”获取安装包。",
+  "cmd.render_settings_get": "渲染设置",
+  "cmd.render_settings_set": "保存渲染设置"
 }
diff --git a/crates/doc/Cargo.toml b/crates/doc/Cargo.toml
index 30240420..4c6253da 100644
--- a/crates/doc/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/doc/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ workspace = true
 solidcraft-geom = { workspace = true }
 solidcraft-sketch = { workspace = true }
 solidcraft-kernel = { workspace = true }
+solidcraft-render = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/document.rs b/crates/doc/src/document.rs
index 10ceb954..861b357a 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/document.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/document.rs
@@ -1614,6 +1614,9 @@ pub struct DesignLink {
 /// The document.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Document {
+    /// Named, renderer-independent setups. Device/job state is never saved here.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::render_settings::RenderSettings::is_empty")]
+    pub render: std::sync::Arc<crate::render_settings::RenderSettings>,
     #[serde(default = "default_format")]
     pub format: String,
     pub name: String,
@@ -1828,6 +1831,7 @@ impl Default for Document {
 impl Document {
     pub fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
         Document {
+            render: Default::default(),
             format: default_format(),
             name: name.into(),
             units: default_units(),
@@ -1859,6 +1863,18 @@ impl Document {
         }
     }
 
+    /// A complete structural proof: no non-render field is allowed to differ. Keeping this
+    /// comparison based on the whole Document also includes fields added in future versions.
+    /// The clone/comparison is only needed when render intent actually differs.
+    pub fn differs_only_in_render(&self, previous: &Document) -> bool {
+        if std::sync::Arc::ptr_eq(&self.render, &previous.render) || self.render == previous.render || self.render.validate().is_err() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let mut normalized = previous.clone();
+        normalized.render = self.render.clone();
+        *self == normalized
+    }
+
     /// The colour a body is shown and exported in (sRGB as 0–1 fractions): its appearance,
     /// else its component's, else its material's look, else the colour it was imported with.
     /// (Faces may have their own: `face_looks`.)
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/format.rs b/crates/doc/src/format.rs
index 3ef957af..ffb8377b 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/format.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/format.rs
@@ -153,13 +153,18 @@
 //!   The saved visibility can also list hidden assembly joints (`visibility.hidden_joints`,
 //!   joint ids): their glyphs aren't drawn, but they still constrain and drive the parts. A
 //!   design without it shows every joint, as it always did; 0.10.0 would show them all.
+//! - 21: named render setups (`render: {setups: {name: setup}}`): renderer-independent render
+//!   intent (camera, resolution, exposure, environment). Version 20 designs need no
+//!   transformation (an absent field means no setups, and empty render state is not saved); the
+//!   version stamp makes 0.11.0 (which reads up to 20) ask for an update instead of silently
+//!   dropping saved setups.
 
 use serde_json::Value;
 
 use crate::{DocError, Document, Result};
 
 /// The format this build writes.
-pub const FORMAT: u32 = 20;
+pub const FORMAT: u32 = 21;
 
 pub fn format_string(n: u32) -> String {
     format!("solidcraft/{n}")
@@ -176,7 +181,7 @@ pub fn version_of(s: &str) -> Option<u32> {
 
 /// JSON-level upgrades: entry `i` turns format `i + 1` into `i + 2`.
 type JsonStep = fn(&mut Value) -> Result<()>;
-const JSON_STEPS: [JsonStep; 19] = [
+const JSON_STEPS: [JsonStep; 20] = [
     |_| Ok(()),
     v2_to_v3,
     v3_to_v4,
@@ -196,6 +201,7 @@ const JSON_STEPS: [JsonStep; 19] = [
     |_| Ok(()),
     |_| Ok(()),
     |_| Ok(()),
+    |_| Ok(()),
 ];
 
 /// Stored face and edge names were worked out from geometry before format 14; they get the
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/lib.rs b/crates/doc/src/lib.rs
index 7387263a..0e1ffcb7 100644
--- a/crates/doc/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/doc/src/lib.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ pub use profile_refs::{capture_profile_selection, profile_selection_indices};
 pub mod plastic;
 pub mod project;
 mod project3d;
+pub mod render_settings;
 pub use project3d::iso_grid;
 pub mod sheet;
 
diff --git a/crates/doc/src/render_settings.rs b/crates/doc/src/render_settings.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bff01ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/doc/src/render_settings.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+//! Saved render intent, independent of runtime backend availability and GPU resources.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use solidcraft_geom::Vec3;
+use solidcraft_render::{BackendId, Camera, RenderFormat, RenderLimits, RenderMode, UpAxis};
+
+use crate::{DocError, Result};
+
+pub const MAX_RENDER_SETUPS: usize = 32;
+pub const MAX_SETUP_NAME_BYTES: usize = 128;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default, deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct RenderSetup {
+    pub backend: BackendId,
+    pub mode: RenderMode,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "SavedCamera::deserialize")]
+    pub camera: Camera,
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub format: RenderFormat,
+    pub exposure_ev: f64,
+    /// Procedural environment orientation, in radians. No HDRI is loaded in R2.
+    pub environment_rotation: f64,
+    pub environment_intensity: f64,
+    /// sRGB background. Alpha/output colour management belong to rendering phases.
+    pub background: [u8; 3],
+}
+
+// Reuse Camera's representation and defaults, but reject misspelled saved fields. A remote
+// derive constructs Camera itself, so adding a Camera field requires updating this adapter.
+// Navigation/named-view deserialization keeps its existing compatibility policy.
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(remote = "Camera", deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct SavedCamera {
+    target: Vec3,
+    yaw: f64,
+    pitch: f64,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    roll: f64,
+    distance: f64,
+    fov: f64,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    up: UpAxis,
+}
+
+impl Default for RenderSetup {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        // The built-in descriptor owns the canonical default backend identifier.
+        Self {
+            backend: solidcraft_render::builtin_backend().id,
+            mode: RenderMode::Preview,
+            camera: Camera::default(),
+            width: 1024,
+            height: 768,
+            format: RenderFormat::Png,
+            exposure_ev: 0.0,
+            environment_rotation: 0.0,
+            environment_intensity: 1.0,
+            background: [236, 240, 245],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RenderSetup {
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let limits = RenderLimits::default();
+        if self.width == 0
+            || self.height == 0
+            || u64::from(self.width) > limits.max_dimension
+            || u64::from(self.height) > limits.max_dimension
+            || u64::from(self.width) * u64::from(self.height) > limits.max_pixels
+        {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid("render output exceeds the dimension/pixel limits".into()));
+        }
+        let camera = &self.camera;
+        if !camera.is_valid()
+            || [camera.target.x, camera.target.y, camera.target.z, camera.distance].into_iter().any(|x| x.abs() > 1e9)
+            || [camera.yaw, camera.pitch, camera.roll].into_iter().any(|x| x.abs() > 1e6)
+            || !camera.fov.is_finite()
+            || !(0.0..std::f64::consts::PI).contains(&camera.fov)
+        {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid("invalid render camera (finite mm/radians, positive distance, 0 <= fov < pi required)".into()));
+        }
+        if !self.exposure_ev.is_finite() || !(-32.0..=32.0).contains(&self.exposure_ev) {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid("render exposure must be finite and between -32 and 32 EV".into()));
+        }
+        if !self.environment_rotation.is_finite() || self.environment_rotation.abs() > 1e6 {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid("render environment rotation must be finite, bounded radians".into()));
+        }
+        if !self.environment_intensity.is_finite() || !(0.0..=100.0).contains(&self.environment_intensity) {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid("render environment intensity must be finite and between 0 and 100".into()));
+        }
+        // Desired mode/format/backend may be unavailable on this host. Saving intent is not preflight.
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(try_from = "UncheckedSettings")]
+pub struct RenderSettings {
+    pub setups: BTreeMap<String, RenderSetup>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default, deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct UncheckedSettings {
+    setups: BTreeMap<String, RenderSetup>,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<UncheckedSettings> for RenderSettings {
+    type Error = DocError;
+    fn try_from(value: UncheckedSettings) -> Result<Self> {
+        let settings = Self { setups: value.setups };
+        settings.validate()?;
+        Ok(settings)
+    }
+}
+
+impl RenderSettings {
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.setups.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn validate_name(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        if name.trim().is_empty() || name != name.trim() || name.len() > MAX_SETUP_NAME_BYTES || name.chars().any(char::is_control) {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid("render setup name must be trimmed, nonempty, at most 128 bytes and contain no control characters".into()));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.setups.len() > MAX_RENDER_SETUPS {
+            return Err(DocError::Invalid("too many render setups (maximum 32)".into()));
+        }
+        for (name, setup) in &self.setups {
+            Self::validate_name(name)?;
+            setup.validate()?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::Document;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn camera_fields_are_strict_without_changing_existing_camera_defaults() {
+        let mut camera = serde_json::to_value(Camera::default()).unwrap();
+        camera["fov_degrees"] = serde_json::json!(45);
+        let saved = serde_json::json!({"setups":{"Studio":{"camera":camera}}});
+        let mut doc = serde_json::to_value(Document::default()).unwrap();
+        doc["render"] = saved.clone();
+        assert!(Document::from_json(&doc.to_string()).is_err());
+        assert!(serde_json::from_value::<RenderSettings>(saved).is_err());
+        camera.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("fov_degrees");
+        camera.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("roll");
+        camera.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("up");
+        let setup: RenderSetup = serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({"camera":camera})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(setup.camera, Camera::default());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_and_named_setups_round_trip_without_changing_other_data() {
+        let old = Document::new("Legacy");
+        let mut json = serde_json::to_value(&old).unwrap();
+        json["format"] = serde_json::json!("solidcraft/16");
+        json.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("render");
+        let mut loaded = Document::from_json(&json.to_string()).unwrap();
+        assert!(loaded.render.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(loaded.format, crate::format::format_string(crate::format::FORMAT));
+        // Upstream owns 19 for editable offsets; saved render intent needs 20.
+        for version in [17, 18, 19] {
+            json["format"] = serde_json::json!(crate::format::format_string(version));
+            assert_eq!(Document::from_json(&json.to_string()).unwrap(), loaded);
+        }
+        let before = loaded.clone();
+        let setup = RenderSetup {
+            backend: serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!("future-backend")).unwrap(),
+            exposure_ev: 2.5,
+            mode: RenderMode::Final,
+            format: RenderFormat::Exr,
+            camera: Camera { up: solidcraft_render::UpAxis::Y, ..Default::default() },
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        Arc::make_mut(&mut loaded.render).setups.insert("Studio".into(), setup);
+        assert!(loaded.differs_only_in_render(&before));
+        assert_eq!(Document::from_json(&loaded.to_json()).unwrap(), loaded);
+        let mut previous_draft = serde_json::to_value(&loaded).unwrap();
+        previous_draft["format"] = serde_json::json!("solidcraft/17");
+        assert_eq!(Document::from_json(&previous_draft.to_string()).unwrap(), loaded);
+        loaded.units = "in".into();
+        assert!(!loaded.differs_only_in_render(&before));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mixed_document_changes_never_qualify_as_render_only() {
+        let before = Document::default();
+        let mut render_only = before.clone();
+        Arc::make_mut(&mut render_only.render).setups.insert("Studio".into(), RenderSetup::default());
+        assert!(render_only.differs_only_in_render(&before));
+        for (key, value) in [
+            ("marker", serde_json::json!(0)),
+            ("materials", serde_json::json!({"Body1":"Steel"})),
+            ("visibility", serde_json::json!({"hidden_bodies":["Body1"]})),
+            ("body_components", serde_json::json!({"Body1":1})),
+            ("next_id", serde_json::json!(99)),
+        ] {
+            let mut json = serde_json::to_value(&render_only).unwrap();
+            json[key] = value;
+            let mixed: Document = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap();
+            assert!(!mixed.differs_only_in_render(&before), "{key}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_saved_intent_is_rejected_at_deserialization() {
+        for patch in [
+            serde_json::json!({"width":0}),
+            serde_json::json!({"width":4097}),
+            serde_json::json!({"width":4096,"height":4096}),
+            serde_json::json!({"exposure_ev":33}),
+            serde_json::json!({"environment_rotation":1000001}),
+            serde_json::json!({"environment_intensity":-1}),
+            serde_json::json!({"background":[256,0,0]}),
+            serde_json::json!({"unknown":1}),
+        ] {
+            let json = serde_json::json!({"setups":{"Studio":patch}});
+            assert!(serde_json::from_value::<RenderSettings>(json).is_err());
+        }
+        for name in ["", " padded", "line\nfeed"] {
+            assert!(RenderSettings::validate_name(name).is_err());
+        }
+        let mut settings = RenderSettings::default();
+        for i in 0..=MAX_RENDER_SETUPS {
+            settings.setups.insert(i.to_string(), RenderSetup::default());
+        }
+        assert!(serde_json::from_value::<RenderSettings>(serde_json::to_value(settings).unwrap()).is_err());
+        let mut setup = RenderSetup::default();
+        setup.camera.fov = f64::NAN;
+        assert!(setup.validate().is_err());
+        for field in ["yaw", "pitch", "roll", "distance", "fov"] {
+            let mut value = serde_json::to_value(RenderSetup::default()).unwrap();
+            value["camera"][field] = serde_json::json!(1e12);
+            let setup: RenderSetup = serde_json::from_value(value).unwrap();
+            assert!(setup.validate().is_err(), "{field}");
+        }
+        setup.camera = Camera::default();
+        setup.environment_intensity = f64::INFINITY;
+        assert!(setup.validate().is_err());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs
index cf7578c8..72d94c9e 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ pub static COMMANDS: &[CommandSpec] = &[
     CommandSpec::new("edit.redo", "Redo", redo).icon("redo").key("Ctrl+Y").noundo().doc_only(),
     CommandSpec::new("edit.checkpoint", "Checkpoint", checkpoint)
         .noundo()
+        .doc_only()
         .params("→ {checkpoint: id}: remember the design, active sketch and undo history (restore with edit.restore_checkpoint)"),
     CommandSpec::new("edit.restore_checkpoint", "Restore Checkpoint", restore_checkpoint)
         .noundo()
+        .doc_only()
         .params("checkpoint: id; forget?: bool (true = drop it without going back). Goes back to it, undo history included"),
     CommandSpec::new("timeline.compute_all", "Compute All", compute_all).at("SOLID", "MODIFY").icon("compute").noundo(),
     CommandSpec::new("timeline.delete", "Delete", delete)
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/render.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/render.rs
index d7005c2c..8a51111c 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/render.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/render.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,75 @@
-//! Render capability discovery. No rendering, host probing or document mutation occurs here.
+//! Render capability discovery and persistent intent. No rendering or host probing.
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use solidcraft_doc::render_settings::{RenderSettings, RenderSetup};
 
 use super::CommandSpec;
 use crate::params::bad;
 use crate::{Result, Session};
 
-pub static COMMANDS: &[CommandSpec] = &[CommandSpec::new("render.backends", "Render Backends", backends)
+pub static COMMANDS: &[CommandSpec] = &[
+CommandSpec::new("render.backends", "Render Backends", backends)
     .noundo()
     .doc_only()
-    .params("No parameters. Returns {schema_version: 1, default_backend: builtin, backends: [{id, label, availability, executors: [{id, availability, profiles, limits, scratch}]}]}. Metadata only; does not start rendering or probe a GPU. See docs/render-backends.md")];
+    .params("No parameters. Returns {schema_version: 1, default_backend: builtin, backends: [{id, label, availability, executors: [{id, availability, profiles, limits, scratch}]}]}. Metadata only; does not start rendering or probe a GPU. See docs/render-backends.md"),
+CommandSpec::new("render.settings.get", "Render Settings", get_settings).noundo().doc_only()
+    .params("name?: saved setup. Without name returns {setups, defaults}; with name returns {name, setup}. Does not evaluate the model or apply a camera. See docs/render-settings.md"),
+CommandSpec::new("render.settings.set", "Save Render Settings", set_settings).doc_only()
+    .params("name: setup name, set: object of fields to replace (backend, mode, camera, width, height, format, exposure_ev, environment_rotation, environment_intensity, background). Creates from defaults, validates atomically, one undo step; identical edits are no-ops. See docs/render-settings.md"),
+];
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct GetSettings {
+    name: Option<String>,
+}
+
+fn get_settings(s: &mut Session, params: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let cmd = "render.settings.get";
+    let request: GetSettings = serde_json::from_value(params.clone()).map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+    match request.name {
+        None => Ok(json!({"setups": s.doc.render.setups, "defaults": RenderSetup::default()})),
+        Some(name) => {
+            RenderSettings::validate_name(&name).map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+            let setup = s.doc.render.setups.get(&name).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, "no saved render setup with that name"))?;
+            Ok(json!({"name": name, "setup": setup}))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+struct SetSettings {
+    name: String,
+    set: Value,
+}
+
+fn set_settings(s: &mut Session, params: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let cmd = "render.settings.set";
+    let request: SetSettings = serde_json::from_value(params.clone()).map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+    RenderSettings::validate_name(&request.name).map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+    let patch = request.set.as_object().filter(|p| p.len() <= 10).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, "`set` must be an object with at most 10 fields"))?;
+    let current = s.doc.render.setups.get(&request.name).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+    let mut value = serde_json::to_value(&current).map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+    let object = value.as_object_mut().ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, "invalid render setup"))?;
+    for (key, value) in patch {
+        object.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+    }
+    let setup: RenderSetup = serde_json::from_value(value).map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+    setup.validate().map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+    let reply = json!({"name": request.name, "setup": setup});
+    if s.doc.render.setups.get(&request.name) == Some(&setup) {
+        return Ok(reply);
+    }
+    let mut settings = (*s.doc.render).clone();
+    settings.setups.insert(request.name, setup);
+    settings.validate().map_err(|e| bad(cmd, e.to_string()))?;
+    s.doc_mut().render = Arc::new(settings);
+    Ok(reply)
+}
 
 fn backends(_: &mut Session, params: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if !params.as_object().is_some_and(|p| p.is_empty()) {
@@ -89,3 +149,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(s.evaluations, 0);
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod settings_tests;
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/render/settings_tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/render/settings_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba0babac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/render/settings_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+use super::*;
+
+fn save(s: &mut Session, patch: Value) {
+    s.execute("render.settings.set", &json!({"name":"Studio", "set":patch})).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn settings_history_preserves_geometry_cache_and_dirty_state() {
+    let mut s = Session::default();
+    let component = s.execute("component.create", &json!({"name":"Part"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("solid.box", &json!({"length":10,"width":20,"height":5})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("component.activate", &json!({"component":0})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("occurrence.move", &json!({"occurrence":component["occurrence"],"translate":[30,0,0]})).unwrap();
+    s.mark_saved();
+    let model = s.model.state();
+    let world = s.world_state();
+    assert!(!Arc::ptr_eq(&model, &world), "exercise the prepared occurrence cache");
+    let mesh = model.bodies[0].mesh();
+    let undo = s.undo.len();
+    s.evaluations = 0;
+    save(&mut s, json!({"exposure_ev":2,"backend":"future-backend"}));
+    assert!(s.is_dirty());
+    assert_eq!(s.undo.len(), undo + 1);
+    let doc = s.doc.clone();
+    let revision = s.revision;
+    save(&mut s, json!({"exposure_ev":2}));
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&doc, &s.doc));
+    assert_eq!(s.revision, revision);
+    assert_eq!(s.undo.len(), undo + 1);
+    let restored = solidcraft_doc::Document::from_json(&s.doc.to_json()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(restored.render, s.doc.render);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(!s.is_dirty());
+    s.execute("render.settings.get", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.redo.len(), 1);
+    s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let checkpoint = s.checkpoint();
+    save(&mut s, json!({"width":800}));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let revision = s.revision;
+    save(&mut s, json!({"exposure_ev":2}));
+    assert_eq!(s.redo.len(), 1, "a no-op edit preserves redo");
+    assert_eq!(s.revision, revision);
+    s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.restore_checkpoint(checkpoint).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc.render.setups["Studio"].width, 1024);
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&model, &s.model.state()));
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&mesh, &s.model.state().bodies[0].mesh()));
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&world, &s.world_state()));
+    assert_eq!(s.evaluations, 0);
+    // A geometry change and its history still require normal evaluation.
+    s.execute("solid.box", &json!({"length":2,"width":3,"height":4})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.evaluations > 0);
+    s.evaluations = 0;
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.evaluations > 0);
+    s.evaluations = 0;
+    s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.evaluations > 0);
+    let checkpoint = s.checkpoint();
+    let expected = s.doc.clone();
+    s.execute("solid.box", &json!({"length":1,"width":1,"height":1})).unwrap();
+    s.evaluations = 0;
+    s.execute("edit.restore_checkpoint", &json!({"checkpoint":checkpoint})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(*s.doc, *expected);
+    assert!(s.evaluations > 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn invalid_settings_and_limit_are_atomic() {
+    let mut s = Session::default();
+    let mut camera_with_typo = serde_json::to_value(solidcraft_render::Camera::default()).unwrap();
+    camera_with_typo["fov_degrees"] = json!(45);
+    for patch in [
+        json!({"width":0}),
+        json!({"width":4097}),
+        json!({"height":null}),
+        json!({"unknown":true}),
+        json!({"camera":{"distance":0}}),
+        json!({"camera":camera_with_typo}),
+        json!({"exposure_ev":33}),
+        json!({"environment_intensity":101}),
+    ] {
+        let doc = s.doc.clone();
+        let state = (s.revision, s.undo.len(), s.redo.len(), s.evaluations);
+        assert!(s.execute("render.settings.set", &json!({"name":"Studio","set":patch})).is_err());
+        assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&doc, &s.doc));
+        assert_eq!(state, (s.revision, s.undo.len(), s.redo.len(), s.evaluations));
+    }
+    for i in 0..32 {
+        s.execute("render.settings.set", &json!({"name":i.to_string(),"set":{}})).unwrap();
+    }
+    let doc = s.doc.clone();
+    assert!(s.execute("render.settings.set", &json!({"name":"overflow","set":{}})).is_err());
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&doc, &s.doc));
+    assert!(s.execute("render.settings.get", &json!({"name":"missing"})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(s.evaluations, 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn settings_history_and_checkpoint_preserve_a_stale_live_drag() {
+    let mut s = Session::default();
+    for (id, p) in [
+        ("sketch.create", json!({"plane":"XY"})),
+        ("sketch.rectangle.two_point", json!({"p0":[5,5],"p1":[25,20]})),
+        ("sketch.dimension", json!({"entities":["l1"],"value":20})),
+        ("sketch.dimension", json!({"entities":["l2"],"value":15})),
+        ("sketch.finish", json!({})),
+        ("solid.extrude", json!({"distance":5})),
+        ("sketch.edit", json!({"sketch":"Sketch1"})),
+        ("sketch.drag", json!({"entity":"l1.start","from":[5,5],"to":[4,5],"live":true})),
+    ] {
+        s.execute(id, &p).unwrap();
+    }
+    assert!(s.model.is_stale());
+    let model = s.model.state();
+    s.evaluations = 0;
+    let checkpoint = s.execute("edit.checkpoint", &json!({})).unwrap()["checkpoint"].clone();
+    save(&mut s, json!({"exposure_ev":1}));
+    s.execute("render.settings.get", &json!({"name":"Studio"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.restore_checkpoint", &json!({"checkpoint":checkpoint})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.doc.render.is_empty());
+    assert!(s.model.is_stale());
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&model, &s.model.state()));
+    assert_eq!(s.evaluations, 0);
+    s.execute("sketch.finish", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(!s.model.is_stale());
+    assert!(s.evaluations > 0);
+}
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/crash_tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/crash_tests.rs
index b51de855..fc4d24bd 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/crash_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/crash_tests.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ fn child() {
         s.execute("document.inspect", &json!({})).unwrap();
     }
     match mode.as_str() {
+        "render" => {
+            s.execute("render.settings.set", &json!({"name":"Studio","set":{"exposure_ev":2}})).unwrap();
+            s.execute("render.settings.get", &json!({"name":"Studio"})).unwrap();
+            s.execute("render.settings.set", &json!({"name":"Studio","set":{"exposure_ev":3}})).unwrap();
+            s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+            s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+            let _ = s.execute("diagnostics.crash_test", &json!({"mode":"abort"}));
+        }
         "command" => {
             for _ in 0..3 {
                 let r = s.execute("diagnostics.crash_test", &json!({"mode": "panic"}));
@@ -157,6 +165,28 @@ fn an_abort_is_reported_at_the_next_start_with_a_replay() {
     let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&d);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn render_settings_survive_unclean_exit_and_journal_replay() {
+    let d = fresh_dir("render");
+    assert!(!run_child(&d, "render").1);
+    assert!(run_child(&d, "none").1);
+    let (_, report) = only_report(&d);
+    let replay: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&fs::read(report["replay_path"].as_str().unwrap()).unwrap()).unwrap();
+    let commands = replay["commands"].as_array().unwrap();
+    assert!(!commands.iter().any(|c| c["command"] == "render.settings.get"));
+    assert_eq!(commands.iter().filter(|c| c["command"] == "render.settings.set").count(), 2);
+    let mut recovered = Session::default();
+    for command in commands {
+        let id = command["command"].as_str().unwrap();
+        if id != "diagnostics.crash_test" {
+            recovered.execute(id, &command["params"]).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+    assert_eq!(recovered.doc.features.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(recovered.doc.render.setups["Studio"].exposure_ev, 3.0);
+    let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&d);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn a_journal_reads_back_its_base_commands_and_the_one_in_flight() {
     let d = fresh_dir("journal");
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/lib.rs b/crates/engine/src/lib.rs
index 9ed2571f..04fb0e2b 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/lib.rs
@@ -477,6 +477,23 @@ impl Session {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Only persistent render intent changed. Never evaluate or clear a stale model here.
+    fn render_only_change(&self, before: &Snapshot) -> bool {
+        self.active_sketch == before.active_sketch && self.pending_moves == before.pending_moves && self.doc.differs_only_in_render(&before.doc)
+    }
+
+    fn refresh_render(&mut self, previous: &Arc<Document>) {
+        self.revision += 1;
+        // Geometry/placements have been proved identical. Retarget the cache's document key
+        // instead of discarding prepared meshes merely because the document Arc changed.
+        if let Ok(mut cache) = self.world_cache.lock()
+            && let Some(cache) = cache.as_mut()
+            && Arc::ptr_eq(&cache.doc, previous)
+        {
+            cache.doc = self.doc.clone();
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Show the sketch a live frame changed, leaving the features after it as they were last
     /// evaluated (marked stale); a full `refresh` when the model cannot show it that way.
     fn refresh_live(&mut self, edit: LiveEdit) {
@@ -583,6 +600,8 @@ impl Session {
             Ok((v, live_edit)) => {
                 let v = if changed { self.with_created(spec.id, params, &before, v) } else { v };
                 if changed {
+                    let render_only = self.render_only_change(&before);
+                    let previous_doc = before.doc.clone();
                     if spec.undoable {
                         self.undo.push(before);
                         if self.undo.len() > MAX_UNDO {
@@ -592,6 +611,7 @@ impl Session {
                     }
                     match live_edit {
                         Some(edit) => self.refresh_live(edit),
+                        None if render_only => self.refresh_render(&previous_doc),
                         None => self.refresh(),
                     }
                 }
@@ -653,13 +673,19 @@ impl Session {
     pub fn restore_checkpoint(&mut self, id: u64) -> Result<()> {
         let i = self.checkpoints.iter().position(|c| c.id == id).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other(format!("no checkpoint {id}")))?;
         let Some(c) = self.checkpoints.drain(i..).next() else { return Err(EngineError::Other(format!("no checkpoint {id}"))) };
+        let before =
+            Snapshot { label: String::new(), doc: self.doc.clone(), active_sketch: self.active_sketch, pending_moves: self.pending_moves.clone() };
         self.doc = c.doc;
         self.active_sketch = c.active_sketch;
         self.pending_moves = c.pending_moves;
         self.undo = c.undo;
         self.redo = c.redo;
         self.selection.clear();
-        self.refresh();
+        if self.render_only_change(&before) {
+            self.refresh_render(&before.doc);
+        } else if !Arc::ptr_eq(&self.doc, &before.doc) || self.active_sketch != before.active_sketch || self.pending_moves != before.pending_moves {
+            self.refresh();
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/io/src/design.rs b/crates/io/src/design.rs
index e04476ff..9074323a 100644
--- a/crates/io/src/design.rs
+++ b/crates/io/src/design.rs
@@ -1128,7 +1128,10 @@ mod tests {
         doc.units = "in".into();
         doc.named_views.push(solidcraft_doc::NamedView { name: "View".into(), ..Default::default() });
         doc.param_comments.insert("test".into(), "metadata".into());
+        let setup = solidcraft_doc::render_settings::RenderSetup { exposure_ev: 1.5, ..Default::default() };
+        std::sync::Arc::make_mut(&mut doc.render).setups.insert("Studio".into(), setup);
         let expected = crate::read_design(&crate::write_design(&doc)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(expected.render, doc.render);
         assert_eq!(crate::read_design(&write_design_container(&doc).unwrap()).unwrap(), expected);
     }
 
diff --git a/docs/design-container.md b/docs/design-container.md
index 28d621b3..f17d886f 100644
--- a/docs/design-container.md
+++ b/docs/design-container.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ self-contained input/output format. `io::write_design` keeps its JSON contract;
 `io::write_design_container` is the fallible container writer.
 
 Packages have `container.json` with `{"format":"solidcraft-container/1"}` and
-`document.json` with the versioned parametric document (currently `solidcraft/20`).
+`document.json` with the versioned parametric document (currently `solidcraft/21`).
 The independent versions let document migrations evolve without changing blob encodings.
 Existing serialized document fields are retained automatically, without a second copy
 of the document schema or a deep clone of embedded payloads.
diff --git a/docs/features.md b/docs/features.md
index 85ac59b6..0873c383 100644
--- a/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/features.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Features
 
-SolidCraft's commands by area, generated by `cargo xtask features` from the command registry (`solidcraft-cli commands`). **350 commands.** Planned (registered, not built yet): 6. Every command runs the same way from the toolbar, a script, `solidcraft-cli exec <id> '<json>'`, the control channel and MCP; parameters are in the [command reference](book/src/reference/commands.md) (`cargo xtask book`). Status and plans: [ROADMAP](../ROADMAP.md).
+SolidCraft's commands by area, generated by `cargo xtask features` from the command registry (`solidcraft-cli commands`). **353 commands.** Planned (registered, not built yet): 6. Every command runs the same way from the toolbar, a script, `solidcraft-cli exec <id> '<json>'`, the control channel and MCP; parameters are in the [command reference](book/src/reference/commands.md) (`cargo xtask book`). Status and plans: [ROADMAP](../ROADMAP.md).
 
 ## Sketch (99)
 
@@ -192,11 +192,12 @@ SolidCraft's commands by area, generated by `cargo xtask features` from the comm
 | Plane Along Path | `construct.plane.along_path` | SOLID › CONSTRUCT |
 | Perpendicular Plane | `construct.plane.perpendicular` | SOLID › CONSTRUCT |
 
-## Sheet metal (11)
+## Sheet metal (12)
 
 | Command | Id | Toolbar |
 |---|---|---|
 | Flange | `sheet.flange` | SHEET METAL › CREATE |
+| Perforate | `sheet.perforate` | SHEET METAL › CREATE |
 | Hem | `sheet.hem` | SHEET METAL › CREATE |
 | Fold | `sheet.fold` | SHEET METAL › CREATE |
 | Unfold | `sheet.unfold` | SHEET METAL › MODIFY |
@@ -513,11 +514,13 @@ SolidCraft's commands by area, generated by `cargo xtask features` from the comm
 | Insert Part | `parts.insert` | – |
 | Change Part Size | `parts.resize` | – |
 
-## `render.*` (1)
+## `render.*` (3)
 
 | Command | Id | Toolbar |
 |---|---|---|
 | Render Backends | `render.backends` | – |
+| Render Settings | `render.settings.get` | – |
+| Save Render Settings | `render.settings.set` | – |
 
 ## `select.*` (2)
 
diff --git a/docs/render-settings.md b/docs/render-settings.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e33fd7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/render-settings.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Persistent render settings (R2)
+
+Named setups save common render intent in the document. They do not start a render,
+apply the navigation camera or make a currently unavailable backend available.
+The Render workspace, scene extraction, assets, PBR materials and jobs are later slices
+of [#620](https://github.com/bherbruck/solidcraft/issues/620).
+
+## Commands
+
+```json
+{"command":"render.settings.set","params":{"name":"Studio","set":{"width":1600,"height":900,"exposure_ev":1.5}}}
+{"command":"render.settings.get","params":{"name":"Studio"}}
+{"command":"render.settings.get","params":{}}
+```
+
+`set` creates a named setup from defaults or replaces supplied top-level fields in an
+existing setup. A supplied `camera` replaces the whole camera; it is not a recursive
+patch. Omitted fields retain their values. Unknown fields (including camera fields),
+invalid types and invalid values fail before document mutation. A new empty `set`
+saves the defaults; setting an existing setup to identical values is a no-op,
+preserving redo history and revision.
+Each effective edit is one undo step and marks the document dirty. There is no delete
+or rename command in this slice.
+
+Named `get` returns `{name, setup}` or an error for a missing name. Without a name,
+it returns `{setups, defaults}`. Reads do not evaluate the model or change history.
+
+| Field | Default | Saved contract |
+|---|---|---|
+| `backend` | `builtin` | Valid R1 backend ID, at most 64 ASCII bytes; unavailable IDs survive reopen |
+| `mode` | `preview` | R1 `preview` / `final` mode; availability checked by a future render request |
+| `camera` | Existing `Camera::default()` | Snapshot of target, yaw, pitch, roll, distance, fov and up; mm/radians, existing Z-up default |
+| `width`, `height` | 1024, 768 | Positive, each at most 4096; product at most 4,194,304 pixels |
+| `format` | `png` | R1 output format (`png` / `exr`); saving EXR does not add an encoder |
+| `exposure_ev` | 0 | Finite, -32 through 32 |
+| `environment_rotation` | 0 | Finite radians, magnitude at most 1,000,000 |
+| `environment_intensity` | 1 | Finite, 0 through 100 |
+| `background` | [236, 240, 245] | Three sRGB byte values, independent of future illumination |
+
+Camera target coordinates and positive distance are bounded to magnitude 1e9 mm;
+angles to 1e6 radians. FOV is finite, `0 <= fov < pi`; zero means orthographic in
+the existing camera model. Both existing camera up axes are retained. Setup names
+are trimmed, nonempty, at most 128 UTF-8 bytes, without control characters. A document
+has at most 32 setups. Validation also runs during document deserialization.
+
+## Persistence and evaluation
+
+Document format 21 adds `render: {setups: {name: setup}}`. Format-20 and older designs migrate with
+an empty map; empty render state is omitted when saved. Existing geometry, appearances,
+opacity and physical materials are untouched. Plain JSON, design containers and crash
+journal replay use the same document/command representation. Older builds (0.11.0 reads up to 20) reject format
+21 instead of silently losing setups. This slice adds only render intent. No runtime capability, job, texture or device is saved.
+
+The engine avoids geometry evaluation only after proving that the document differs
+solely in validated render settings, with unchanged active sketch and pending moves.
+The proof compares the complete document after normalizing the render field, so mixed
+geometry/appearance/placement edits take the usual conservative refresh path. It uses
+a document clone/comparison, not a constant-time or whole-application speedup claim.
+Unchanged render pointers short-circuit the check for normal modelling commands.
+
+Render-only edits, undo/redo and checkpoint restore preserve model state, its stale
+marker, cached tessellation and the prepared world state. A stale live-drag result never
+becomes authoritative through a settings edit; the next model-reading command still
+settles it normally. Revision advances to let future consumers invalidate shading work.
+Actual render accumulation and resource invalidation are not implemented in R2.
+
+No new third-party dependency or asset is introduced. `doc` depends on the existing
+pure `render` crate for its shared camera and R1 identifiers, within the L2 → L1 rule.