Boundary surface preparation (weld, manifold/orientation, exact self-intersection, feature edges) and mesh.surface.check (#15)

* mesh: boundary surface preparation (weld, manifold and orientation checks, exact self-intersection, feature edges)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NmAttHhUZTokgPeEJia8sm

* engine: mesh.surface.check on an open design's body or an imported surface

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NmAttHhUZTokgPeEJia8sm

* engine: struct-init the test session

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NmAttHhUZTokgPeEJia8sm

* surface: weld at an absolute distance too; the engine welds CAD tessellations at twice SolidCraft's linear tolerance

Faces of a SolidCraft tessellation carry their own copies of shared boundary points, which agree
only to within the kernel's tolerance (up to ~2e-6 mm on the test corpus).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NmAttHhUZTokgPeEJia8sm

* docs: surface preparation in the literature survey, architecture and roadmap

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NmAttHhUZTokgPeEJia8sm

* surface: simplify after review

- The weld distance travels with the mesh (SurfaceMesh::weld_distance, set by Shape::tessellate),
  so every consumer welds a tessellation correctly without opting in.
- Exact tests are infallible on predicates::orient2d_projected (shared with generic_orient2d), and
  compute each vertex's plane side once per pair with an early reject.
- One Box3 for the weld, the BVH and shells; a Half struct for edges; the weld's two lookups share
  one loop, with chained grid cells; cached normals for feature edges; shared parameter helpers.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NmAttHhUZTokgPeEJia8sm

* corpus: boundary surface preparation as a corpus stage

20 of 21 parts are valid boundaries with their expected genus; cross-cylinders' tessellation has
cracks and flipped triangles where its two intersection curves meet.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NmAttHhUZTokgPeEJia8sm

---------

Co-authored-by: jyviko <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
This commit is contained in:
authored and GitHub committed 2026-10-13 16:01:42 -04:00
1 parent 94dc50bb0c
commit 02cc9dab57
24 files changed
+1987 -60

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+8 -3
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
use std::sync::Arc;
use modelcraft_geometry::tagged_mesh;
use modelcraft_geometry::{Shape, open_design_file};
use modelcraft_geometry::{Shape, SurfaceMesh, open_design_file};
use serde_json::{Value, json};
use crate::{CommandSpec, EngineError, Result, Session};
@@ -72,10 +72,15 @@ fn body<'a>(s: &'a Session, p: &Value) -> Result<&'a Shape> {
s.design.as_deref().and_then(|d| d.body(name)).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Params(format!("no body `{name}` (open a design first)")))
}
fn tessellate(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
/// The body named by `body`, tessellated within `tolerance`.
pub(crate) fn body_mesh<'a>(s: &'a Session, p: &Value) -> Result<(&'a Shape, SurfaceMesh)> {
let shape = body(s, p)?;
let tolerance = p.get("tolerance").and_then(Value::as_f64).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Params("`tolerance` must be a number (mm)".into()))?;
let mesh = shape.tessellate(tolerance)?;
Ok((shape, shape.tessellate(tolerance)?))
}
fn tessellate(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
let (shape, mesh) = body_mesh(s, p)?;
let mut per_face = vec![0usize; shape.faces().len()];
for &f in &mesh.tri_face {
if let Some(n) = per_face.get_mut(f as usize) {
+146 -1
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@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
use std::borrow::Cow;
use modelcraft_geometry::SurfaceMesh;
use modelcraft_mesh::delaunay::Triangulation;
use modelcraft_mesh::quality::{self, QualityReport};
use modelcraft_mesh::surface::{BoundarySurface, Defect, FeatureKind, SurfaceOptions};
use modelcraft_model::{ElementKind, MAX_ELEMENTS};
use serde_json::{Value, json};
use super::{label, labels, points, xyz};
use super::{label, labels, optional_number, points, xyz};
use crate::{CommandSpec, EngineError, Result, Session};
pub const NODE_ADD: CommandSpec = CommandSpec {
@@ -57,6 +61,13 @@ fn delaunay_points(_: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
}))
}
pub const SURFACE_CHECK: CommandSpec = CommandSpec {
id: "mesh.surface.check",
label: "Check Boundary Surface",
params: r#"{"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.05} or {"surface": 0}, optional "weld": 1e-9 (0 or 1e-15..=1e-3 of the bounding-box diagonal), "weld_distance": mm (default: the surface's own, twice SolidCraft's linear tolerance for a tessellated body, 0 for an imported mesh), "feature_angle": 45 (degrees, (0, 180]) — welds the tessellated body or imported surface and checks it can bound a volume mesh: closed, manifold, outward, no self-intersections; reports shells, genus, volume and feature edges, or the located defects"#,
run: surface_check,
};
fn node_add(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
let l = label(p, "label")?;
s.model.set_node(l, xyz(p, "xyz")?)?;
@@ -136,6 +147,63 @@ fn quality_report(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
}))
}
/// The surface named by `body` (tessellated at `tolerance`) or `surface` (an imported index).
fn surface_input<'a>(s: &'a Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Cow<'a, SurfaceMesh>> {
match (p.get("body"), p.get("surface")) {
(Some(_), None) => Ok(Cow::Owned(super::geometry::body_mesh(s, p)?.1)),
(None, Some(i)) => {
let n = s.surfaces.len();
i.as_u64()
.and_then(|i| usize::try_from(i).ok())
.and_then(|i| s.surfaces.get(i))
.map(|t| Cow::Borrowed(&t.mesh))
.ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Params(format!("`surface` must be the index of an imported surface (there are {n})")))
}
_ => Err(EngineError::Params("give either `body` (with `tolerance`) or `surface`".into())),
}
}
fn defect_json(d: &Defect) -> Value {
json!({"kind": d.kind(), "message": d.to_string(), "at": d.at()})
}
fn surface_check(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
let mesh = surface_input(s, p)?;
let defaults = SurfaceOptions::default();
let options = SurfaceOptions {
weld_tolerance: optional_number(p, "weld", defaults.weld_tolerance)?,
weld_distance: optional_number(p, "weld_distance", mesh.weld_distance)?,
feature_angle: optional_number(p, "feature_angle", defaults.feature_angle)?,
};
let surface = match BoundarySurface::new(&mesh.positions, &mesh.triangles, &mesh.tri_face, &options) {
Ok(surface) => surface,
Err(modelcraft_mesh::Error::Surface(d)) => {
return Ok(json!({"valid": false, "defects": {"count": d.total, "listed": d.listed.iter().map(defect_json).collect::<Vec<_>>()}}));
}
Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
};
let mut faces: Vec<u32> = surface.tri_face().to_vec();
faces.sort_unstable();
faces.dedup();
let count = |k: FeatureKind| surface.feature_edges().iter().filter(|e| e.kind == k).count();
let shells: Vec<Value> = surface
.shells()
.iter()
.map(|sh| json!({"triangles": sh.triangles, "vertices": sh.vertices, "genus": sh.genus, "volume": sh.volume, "void": sh.void}))
.collect();
Ok(json!({
"valid": true,
"vertices": surface.points().len(),
"triangles": surface.triangles().len(),
"input": {"vertices": mesh.positions.len(), "triangles": mesh.triangles.len()},
"faces": faces.len(),
"volume": surface.volume(),
"shells": shells,
"feature_edges": {"face_boundary": count(FeatureKind::FaceBoundary), "sharp": count(FeatureKind::Sharp)},
"feature_corners": surface.feature_corners().len(),
}))
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use serde_json::json;
@@ -202,4 +270,81 @@ mod tests {
assert!(s.execute("mesh.quality", &json!({"bins": 1e9})).is_err());
assert!(s.execute("mesh.quality", &json!({"elements": "all"})).is_err());
}
#[test]
fn a_tessellated_block_is_a_valid_boundary() {
use modelcraft_mesh::surface::{BoundarySurface, FeatureKind, SurfaceOptions};
let mesh = modelcraft_geometry::block([0.0; 3], [2.0, 3.0, 4.0]).unwrap().tessellate(0.01).unwrap();
let options = SurfaceOptions { weld_distance: mesh.weld_distance, ..SurfaceOptions::default() };
let s = BoundarySurface::new(&mesh.positions, &mesh.triangles, &mesh.tri_face, &options).unwrap();
assert!(s.points().len() < mesh.positions.len(), "the tessellation is a soup that welding joins");
assert_eq!((s.shells().len(), s.shells()[0].genus), (1, 0));
assert!((s.volume() - 24.0).abs() < 1e-9, "{}", s.volume());
assert!(s.feature_edges().iter().all(|e| e.kind == FeatureKind::FaceBoundary));
assert_eq!(s.feature_corners().len(), 8);
let length: f64 = s
.feature_edges()
.iter()
.map(|e| {
let [a, b] = e.vertices.map(|v| s.points()[v as usize]);
((a[0] - b[0]).powi(2) + (a[1] - b[1]).powi(2) + (a[2] - b[2]).powi(2)).sqrt()
})
.sum();
assert!((length - 4.0 * (2.0 + 3.0 + 4.0)).abs() < 1e-9, "the twelve edges: {length}");
}
#[test]
fn surface_check_on_an_open_design_and_on_imported_surfaces() {
use std::sync::Arc;
use modelcraft_geometry::sample::{Plate, plate_design};
use modelcraft_geometry::tagged_mesh::TaggedSurface;
use modelcraft_geometry::{SurfaceMesh, open_design};
let plate = Plate::default();
let mut s = Session { design: Some(Arc::new(open_design(&plate_design(&plate).unwrap()).unwrap())), ..Session::default() };
let r = s.execute("mesh.surface.check", &json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.05})).unwrap();
assert_eq!(r["valid"], true, "{r}");
assert_eq!(r["faces"], 8);
assert_eq!(r["shells"].as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
assert_eq!(r["shells"][0]["genus"], 1, "the hole is a handle");
let exact = (plate.width * plate.depth - std::f64::consts::PI * (plate.hole_diameter / 2.0).powi(2)) * plate.thickness;
let volume = r["volume"].as_f64().unwrap();
assert!(volume >= exact && volume < exact * 1.01, "a polygonal hole inscribed in the circle: {volume} vs {exact}");
assert!(r["feature_edges"]["face_boundary"].as_u64().unwrap() > 12);
assert!(r["feature_corners"].as_u64().unwrap() >= 8);
assert!(s.journal.is_empty(), "a check changes nothing");
// A tagged tetrahedron, and the same with a face missing.
let p = vec![[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]];
let t = vec![[0, 2, 1], [0, 1, 3], [1, 2, 3], [0, 3, 2]];
let tet = SurfaceMesh { positions: p.clone(), triangles: t.clone(), tri_face: vec![0, 1, 1, 1], weld_distance: 0.0 };
let open = SurfaceMesh { positions: p, triangles: t[..3].to_vec(), tri_face: vec![0, 1, 1], weld_distance: 0.0 };
for mesh in [tet, open] {
s.surfaces.push(Arc::new(TaggedSurface { name: "Tet".into(), mesh, faces: 2 }));
}
let r = s.execute("mesh.surface.check", &json!({"surface": 0, "feature_angle": 180})).unwrap();
assert_eq!((r["valid"].clone(), r["feature_edges"].clone()), (json!(true), json!({"face_boundary": 3, "sharp": 0})));
let r = s.execute("mesh.surface.check", &json!({"surface": 1})).unwrap();
assert_eq!(r["valid"], false);
assert_eq!(r["defects"]["count"], 3);
assert_eq!(r["defects"]["listed"][0]["kind"], "open_edge");
assert!(r["defects"]["listed"][0]["at"].is_array());
for bad in [
json!({"surface": 2}),
json!({"surface": -1}),
json!({"surface": 0, "body": "Body1"}),
json!({}),
json!({"surface": 0, "weld": 1.0}),
json!({"surface": 0, "weld": "fine"}),
json!({"surface": 0, "weld_distance": -1}),
json!({"surface": 0, "weld_distance": 1}),
json!({"surface": 0, "feature_angle": 0}),
json!({"body": "Body1"}),
json!({"body": "Nope", "tolerance": 0.05}),
] {
assert!(s.execute("mesh.surface.check", &bad).is_err(), "{bad}");
}
}
}
+9
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@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ pub static ALL: &[CommandSpec] = &[
mesh::ELEMENT_REMOVE,
mesh::QUALITY,
mesh::DELAUNAY_POINTS,
mesh::SURFACE_CHECK,
];
/// A required label parameter (1..=u32::MAX; the model checks its own range).
@@ -63,3 +64,11 @@ pub(crate) fn labels(p: &Value, key: &str, max_len: usize) -> Result<Vec<u32>> {
.collect::<Option<Vec<u32>>>()
.ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Params(format!("`{key}` must be labels in 1..={MAX_LABEL}")))
}
/// An optional number parameter.
pub(crate) fn optional_number(p: &Value, key: &str, default: f64) -> Result<f64> {
match p.get(key) {
None => Ok(default),
Some(v) => v.as_f64().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Params(format!("`{key}` must be a number"))),
}
}
+13
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@@ -184,6 +184,10 @@ mod tests {
json!({"points": [[1e308, -1e308, 0], [0, 0, 0]]}),
json!({"points": [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]}),
json!({"points": vec![[1, 1, 1]; 30_000]}),
json!({"surface": 0}),
json!({"surface": -1}),
json!({"surface": 1e300}),
json!({"surface": "0", "weld": -1, "feature_angle": 1e300}),
];
for spec in commands() {
for p in &hostile {
@@ -204,6 +208,15 @@ mod tests {
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 1e-300}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 1e300}),
json!({"body": "Body2", "tolerance": 0.1}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "surface": 0}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "weld": 0}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "weld": 1e-3}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "weld": f64::MIN_POSITIVE}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "weld": 0, "weld_distance": 0}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "weld_distance": 1e300}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "weld_distance": 0.05}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "feature_angle": 1e-300}),
json!({"body": "Body1", "tolerance": 0.5, "feature_angle": null}),
];
for p in tess.iter().chain(&hostile) {
for spec in commands() {
+14 -1
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@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ impl From<KernelError> for Error {
}
}
/// SolidCraft's linear modelling tolerance (mm): points closer than this are the same point.
const LINEAR_TOLERANCE: f64 = solidcraft_geom::LINEAR_TOL;
/// A solid body.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Shape {
@@ -86,6 +89,11 @@ pub struct SurfaceMesh {
pub triangles: Vec<[u32; 3]>,
/// The B-rep face each triangle lies on.
pub tri_face: Vec<u32>,
/// Copies of one point closer than this are the same point (0: only identical coordinates).
/// A [`Shape::tessellate`] result is a triangle soup whose faces each carry their own copy of
/// the boundary points they share, accurate to the kernel's linear tolerance, so two copies
/// can differ by up to twice it; boundary surface preparation welds at this distance.
pub weld_distance: f64,
}
fn xyz(v: solidcraft_geom::Vec3) -> [f64; 3] {
@@ -129,7 +137,12 @@ impl Shape {
return Err(Error::Invalid(format!("tessellation tolerance must be a positive number, got {tolerance}")));
}
let m = guard("tessellate", || self.body.tessellate(tolerance))?;
Ok(SurfaceMesh { positions: m.positions.into_iter().map(xyz).collect(), triangles: m.triangles, tri_face: m.tri_face })
Ok(SurfaceMesh {
positions: m.positions.into_iter().map(xyz).collect(),
triangles: m.triangles,
tri_face: m.tri_face,
weld_distance: 2.0 * LINEAR_TOLERANCE,
})
}
}
+8 -2
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@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ fn surface(mut o: Object, k: usize, id: u32, xf: &Xf, unit: f64) -> Result<Tagge
}
let faces = o.faces.unwrap_or_else(|| o.tags.iter().max().map_or(1, |f| f.saturating_add(1)));
let name = if o.name.is_empty() { format!("Mesh{}", k + 1) } else { o.name };
Ok(TaggedSurface { name, mesh: SurfaceMesh { positions: o.positions, triangles: o.triangles, tri_face: o.tags }, faces })
Ok(TaggedSurface { name, mesh: SurfaceMesh { positions: o.positions, triangles: o.triangles, tri_face: o.tags, weld_distance: 0.0 }, faces })
}
/// [`read_3mf`] of a file: a regular file of at most [`MAX_FILE_BYTES`] (SolidCraft's virtual
@@ -482,6 +482,8 @@ mod tests {
assert_eq!(bytes, write_tagged(&[("Block", &mesh, faces), ("Again", &mesh, faces)]), "deterministic bytes");
let got = read_3mf(&bytes).unwrap();
assert_eq!(got.len(), 2);
// The file carries no weld distance.
let mesh = SurfaceMesh { weld_distance: 0.0, ..mesh };
assert_eq!(got[0], TaggedSurface { name: "Block".into(), mesh: mesh.clone(), faces: 6 });
assert_eq!(got[1].name, "Again");
assert_eq!(got[1].mesh, mesh);
@@ -577,7 +579,11 @@ mod tests {
}
assert!(read_3mf(b"").is_err());
assert!(read_3mf(b"PK\x03\x04garbage").is_err());
let good = write_tagged(&[("T", &SurfaceMesh { positions: vec![[0.0; 3]; 3], triangles: vec![[0, 1, 2]], tri_face: vec![0] }, 1)]);
let good = write_tagged(&[(
"T",
&SurfaceMesh { positions: vec![[0.0; 3]; 3], triangles: vec![[0, 1, 2]], tri_face: vec![0], weld_distance: 0.0 },
1,
)]);
for cut in [10, good.len() / 2, good.len() - 1] {
assert!(read_3mf(&good[..cut]).is_err(), "truncated at {cut}");
}
+5
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@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
pub mod delaunay;
pub mod quality;
pub mod surface;
mod vec3;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum Error {
@@ -18,6 +20,9 @@ pub enum Error {
Limit(String),
#[error("meshing failed: {0}")]
Failed(String),
/// The boundary surface has defects ([`surface::BoundarySurface::new`]).
#[error("invalid boundary surface: {0}")]
Surface(surface::Defects),
#[error(transparent)]
Model(#[from] modelcraft_model::Error),
}
+10 -3
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@@ -275,16 +275,23 @@ fn orient2d_formula<T: Ring + Signed>([a, b, c]: [Hom<T>; 3], (u, v): (usize, us
/// seen from the positive side of that axis (`Z` → the `xy` plane, `X` → `yz`, `Y` → `zx`).
/// Exact. Attene's `orient2d3d` (§4.5) is this with the axis of the largest normal component.
pub fn generic_orient2d(a: &GenericPoint, b: &GenericPoint, c: &GenericPoint, drop: Axis) -> Sign {
let (u, v) = drop.projected();
if let (Some(a), Some(b), Some(c)) = (a.explicit(), b.explicit(), c.explicit()) {
let proj = |p: &Point3| Point2([coord(&p.0, u), coord(&p.0, v)]);
return orient2d(&proj(a), &proj(b), &proj(c));
return orient2d_projected(a, b, c, drop);
}
let (u, v) = drop.projected();
let (points, flipped) = pivot_last([a, b, c]);
let sign = decide(points, |h| orient2d_formula(h, (u, v)), |h| orient2d_formula(h, (u, v)));
if flipped { -sign } else { sign }
}
/// [`orient2d`] of the projections of three explicit points onto the coordinate plane that drops
/// `drop`, seen from the positive side of that axis (the explicit case of [`generic_orient2d`]).
pub fn orient2d_projected(a: &Point3, b: &Point3, c: &Point3, drop: Axis) -> Sign {
let (u, v) = drop.projected();
let proj = |p: &Point3| Point2([coord(&p.0, u), coord(&p.0, v)]);
orient2d(&proj(a), &proj(b), &proj(c))
}
/// `X_a / W_a - X_b / W_b = (W_b X_a - W_a X_b) / (W_a W_b)` along one axis.
fn compare_formula<T: Ring + Signed>([a, b]: [Hom<T>; 2], k: usize) -> Option<Sign> {
let diff = mulw(coord(&a.x, k), &b.w) - mulw(coord(&b.x, k), &a.w);
+1 -1
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@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ mod ring;
mod sos;
pub use adaptive::{incircle, incircle_filter, insphere, insphere_filter, orient2d, orient2d_filter, orient3d, orient3d_filter};
pub use indirect::{Axis, GenericPoint, Lpi, Tpi, generic_compare, generic_orient2d, generic_orient3d};
pub use indirect::{Axis, GenericPoint, Lpi, Tpi, generic_compare, generic_orient2d, generic_orient3d, orient2d_projected};
pub use sos::{incircle_sos, insphere_sos};
use crate::{Error, Result};
+2 -22
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@@ -14,28 +14,8 @@ use std::f64::consts::SQRT_2;
use super::Metric;
pub(crate) type P = [f64; 3];
pub(crate) fn sub(a: P, b: P) -> P {
[a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1], a[2] - b[2]]
}
pub(crate) fn dot(a: P, b: P) -> f64 {
a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2]
}
pub(crate) fn cross(a: P, b: P) -> P {
[a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1], a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2], a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0]]
}
pub(crate) fn norm(a: P) -> f64 {
dot(a, a).sqrt()
}
pub(crate) fn det(a: P, b: P, c: P) -> f64 {
dot(a, cross(b, c))
}
/// The angle between two vectors in degrees, 0 when either is zero.
fn angle(a: P, b: P) -> f64 {
norm(cross(a, b)).atan2(dot(a, b)).to_degrees()
}
use crate::vec3::angle_deg as angle;
pub(crate) use crate::vec3::{P, cross, det, dot, norm, sub};
/// `num / den`, or `fallback` when the denominator is zero or the quotient is not finite.
fn ratio(num: f64, den: f64, fallback: f64) -> f64 {
+163
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@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
//! The self-intersection search: a bounding volume hierarchy of axis-aligned triangle boxes,
//! built top-down by median split on the longest centroid extent, and the self-collision
//! traversal that pairs nodes whose boxes touch (Ericson 2005, ch. 6). Boxes are compared with
//! closed `<=` on the exact coordinates, so touching triangles are always paired; every pair is
//! then decided exactly ([`super::intersect::surface_pair_intersects`]).
use super::intersect::surface_pair_intersects;
use super::{Box3, Defect, Defects, MAX_PAIR_TESTS, Surface};
use crate::{Error, Result};
/// Triangles per leaf.
const LEAF: usize = 4;
/// Twice the centre of a box (no rounding from halving).
fn centre2(b: &Box3) -> [f64; 3] {
[0, 1, 2].map(|k| b.lo[k] + b.hi[k])
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct Node {
bounds: Box3,
/// The left child (the right one follows it), or `None` for a leaf over `order[start..end]`.
children: Option<usize>,
start: usize,
end: usize,
}
struct Bvh {
nodes: Vec<Node>,
order: Vec<u32>,
}
fn build(boxes: &[Box3]) -> Bvh {
let mut order: Vec<u32> = (0..boxes.len()).map(super::index).collect();
let empty = Node { bounds: Box3::EMPTY, children: None, start: 0, end: 0 };
let mut nodes = vec![empty];
let mut work = vec![(0usize, 0usize, boxes.len())];
while let Some((ni, start, end)) = work.pop() {
let Some(slice) = order.get_mut(start..end) else { continue };
let mut bounds = Box3::EMPTY;
let mut centres = Box3::EMPTY;
for &t in slice.iter() {
if let Some(b) = boxes.get(t as usize) {
bounds.add(b);
centres.add_point(centre2(b));
}
}
let mut node = Node { bounds, children: None, start, end };
if end - start > LEAF {
let extent = [0, 1, 2].map(|k| centres.hi[k] - centres.lo[k]);
let axis = if extent[0] >= extent[1] && extent[0] >= extent[2] {
0
} else if extent[1] >= extent[2] {
1
} else {
2
};
let key = |t: &u32| boxes.get(*t as usize).map_or(0.0, |b| centre2(b)[axis]);
let mid = (end - start) / 2;
slice.select_nth_unstable_by(mid, |a, b| key(a).total_cmp(&key(b)).then(a.cmp(b)));
let l = nodes.len();
nodes.push(empty);
nodes.push(empty);
node.children = Some(l);
work.push((l, start, start + mid));
work.push((l + 1, start + mid, end));
}
if let Some(n) = nodes.get_mut(ni) {
*n = node;
}
}
Bvh { nodes, order }
}
struct Search<'a> {
surface: &'a Surface<'a>,
boxes: &'a [Box3],
tests: u64,
defects: Defects,
}
impl Search<'_> {
/// Test one pair; `false` once the defect list is full.
fn pair(&mut self, s: u32, t: u32) -> Result<bool> {
let (Some(bs), Some(bt)) = (self.boxes.get(s as usize), self.boxes.get(t as usize)) else { return Ok(true) };
if s == t || !bs.touches(bt) {
return Ok(true);
}
self.tests += 1;
if self.tests > MAX_PAIR_TESTS {
return Err(Error::Limit(format!("self-intersection check: more than {MAX_PAIR_TESTS} triangle pairs to test")));
}
let (Some(ts), Some(tt)) = (self.surface.triangles.get(s as usize), self.surface.triangles.get(t as usize)) else { return Ok(true) };
if surface_pair_intersects([*ts, *tt], self.surface.corners(ts)?, self.surface.corners(tt)?) {
let (s, t) = (s.min(t) as usize, s.max(t) as usize);
self.defects
.push(Defect::SelfIntersection { triangles: [self.surface.source_tri(s), self.surface.source_tri(t)], at: self.surface.centroid(s) });
}
Ok(!self.defects.is_full())
}
}
/// Every pair of triangles that meet outside what they share, up to the listing cap.
pub(crate) fn self_intersections(surface: &Surface) -> Result<Defects> {
let boxes: Vec<Box3> = surface
.triangles
.iter()
.map(|t| {
let mut b = Box3::EMPTY;
for v in t {
b.add_point(surface.xyz(*v));
}
b
})
.collect();
let bvh = build(&boxes);
let mut search = Search { surface, boxes: &boxes, tests: 0, defects: Defects::new() };
let leaf = |n: &Node| bvh.order.get(n.start..n.end).unwrap_or(&[]);
let mut stack = vec![(0usize, 0usize)];
'search: while let Some((a, b)) = stack.pop() {
let (Some(na), Some(nb)) = (bvh.nodes.get(a), bvh.nodes.get(b)) else { continue };
if a == b {
match na.children {
Some(l) => stack.extend([(l, l + 1), (l + 1, l + 1), (l, l)]),
None => {
let tris = leaf(na);
for (i, &s) in tris.iter().enumerate() {
for &t in tris.iter().skip(i + 1) {
if !search.pair(s, t)? {
break 'search;
}
}
}
}
}
continue;
}
if !na.bounds.touches(&nb.bounds) {
continue;
}
match (na.children, nb.children) {
(None, None) => {
for &s in leaf(na) {
for &t in leaf(nb) {
if !search.pair(s, t)? {
break 'search;
}
}
}
}
(Some(l), None) => stack.extend([(l + 1, b), (l, b)]),
(None, Some(l)) => stack.extend([(a, l + 1), (a, l)]),
(Some(l), Some(_)) if na.end - na.start >= nb.end - nb.start => stack.extend([(l + 1, b), (l, b)]),
(Some(_), Some(l)) => stack.extend([(a, l + 1), (a, l)]),
}
}
let mut defects = search.defects;
defects.listed.sort_by_key(|d| match d {
Defect::SelfIntersection { triangles, .. } => *triangles,
_ => [u32::MAX; 2],
});
Ok(defects)
}
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//! Exact triangle–triangle intersection on the orientation predicates.
//!
//! Every decision is a sign of [`orient3d`] or of [`orient2d_projected`] on a coordinate-plane
//! projection, so the answers are exact for every admissible input (Shewchuk 1997; the
//! orientation-only formulation follows Guigue and Devillers 2003). Triangles are closed sets.
//!
//! Two closed triangles meet exactly when an edge of one meets the other: their intersection is
//! a convex set whose extreme points lie on the boundary of one of them. Two triangles of a
//! surface may meet only in what they share, which [`surface_pair_intersects`] tests:
//! - **No shared vertex:** any contact is a defect ([`triangles_meet`]).
//! - **One shared vertex `v`:** the intersection is a convex set containing `v`; it holds another
//! point exactly when an edge opposite `v` meets the other triangle, or an edge from `v` runs
//! into the other triangle's corner at `v`.
//! - **One shared edge:** the triangles meet beyond it only when they are coplanar and on the
//! same side of it (folded onto each other).
//!
//! Every vertex's side of the other triangle's plane is computed once per pair; a triangle
//! strictly on one side of the other's plane rejects the pair at once.
use crate::predicates::{Axis, Point3, Sign, orient2d_projected, orient3d};
type Tri<'a> = [&'a Point3; 3];
/// A coordinate plane on which triangle `abc` projects to a proper triangle, and the
/// orientation of that projection; `None` when the corners are collinear.
fn plane_axis([a, b, c]: Tri) -> Option<(Axis, Sign)> {
[Axis::Z, Axis::X, Axis::Y].into_iter().find_map(|axis| {
let s = orient2d_projected(a, b, c, axis);
(!s.is_zero()).then_some((axis, s))
})
}
/// Whether the corners are exactly collinear (or coincide).
pub fn is_degenerate(t: Tri) -> bool {
plane_axis(t).is_none()
}
fn edges<'a>([a, b, c]: Tri<'a>) -> [(&'a Point3, &'a Point3); 3] {
[(a, b), (b, c), (c, a)]
}
/// The side of `p` against the plane of `t`.
fn side(t: Tri, p: &Point3) -> Sign {
orient3d(t[0], t[1], t[2], p)
}
/// Closed point-in-triangle test in the plane of `t` (`p` must lie in it).
fn point_in_triangle(p: &Point3, t: Tri, drop: Axis, s: Sign) -> bool {
edges(t).into_iter().all(|(u, v)| orient2d_projected(u, v, p, drop) != -s)
}
/// Whether `r`, collinear with `p` and `q`, lies on the closed segment `pq`.
fn on_segment(p: &Point3, q: &Point3, r: &Point3) -> bool {
let (p, q, r) = (p.coords(), q.coords(), r.coords());
(0..3).all(|k| {
let (lo, hi) = if p[k] <= q[k] { (p[k], q[k]) } else { (q[k], p[k]) };
lo <= r[k] && r[k] <= hi
})
}
/// Closed segment–segment intersection of two coplanar segments, on the projection `drop`
/// (which must be injective on their plane).
fn segments_meet(p: &Point3, q: &Point3, a: &Point3, b: &Point3, drop: Axis) -> bool {
let d1 = orient2d_projected(p, q, a, drop);
let d2 = orient2d_projected(p, q, b, drop);
let d3 = orient2d_projected(a, b, p, drop);
let d4 = orient2d_projected(a, b, q, drop);
(d1 * d2 == Sign::Negative && d3 * d4 == Sign::Negative)
|| (d1.is_zero() && on_segment(p, q, a))
|| (d2.is_zero() && on_segment(p, q, b))
|| (d3.is_zero() && on_segment(a, b, p))
|| (d4.is_zero() && on_segment(a, b, q))
}
/// Whether the closed segment `pq` meets the closed, non-degenerate triangle `t`, given the
/// sides `op`, `oq` of `p` and `q` against `t`'s plane.
fn segment_meets(p: &Point3, q: &Point3, op: Sign, oq: Sign, t: Tri) -> bool {
if op == oq && !op.is_zero() {
return false;
}
if op.is_zero() && oq.is_zero() {
let Some((drop, s)) = plane_axis(t) else { return false };
return point_in_triangle(p, t, drop, s)
|| point_in_triangle(q, t, drop, s)
|| edges(t).into_iter().any(|(u, v)| segments_meet(p, q, u, v, drop));
}
// The segment crosses or touches the plane at one point, which is inside the triangle
// exactly when the line pq passes on no strict outside of its three edges.
let s = edges(t).map(|(u, v)| orient3d(p, q, u, v));
!(s.contains(&Sign::Positive) && s.contains(&Sign::Negative))
}
/// Whether the closed segment `pq` meets the closed, non-degenerate triangle `t`.
pub fn segment_meets_triangle(p: &Point3, q: &Point3, t: Tri) -> bool {
segment_meets(p, q, side(t, p), side(t, q), t)
}
/// Whether two closed, non-degenerate triangles intersect at all.
pub fn triangles_meet(s: Tri, t: Tri) -> bool {
let s_sides = s.map(|p| side(t, p));
let t_sides = t.map(|p| side(s, p));
let one_side = |x: [Sign; 3]| !x[0].is_zero() && x[0] == x[1] && x[1] == x[2];
if one_side(s_sides) || one_side(t_sides) {
return false;
}
let crosses = |a: Tri, o: [Sign; 3], b: Tri| (0..3).any(|k| segment_meets(a[k], a[(k + 1) % 3], o[k], o[(k + 1) % 3], b));
crosses(s, s_sides, t) || crosses(t, t_sides, s)
}
/// For triangles sharing the corner `v`: whether the edge from `v` to `a` (whose side of the
/// plane of triangle `v c d` is `side_a`) contains a point of that triangle other than `v`: it
/// lies in that plane, inside the triangle's corner at `v`.
fn edge_enters_corner(v: &Point3, a: &Point3, side_a: Sign, c: &Point3, d: &Point3) -> bool {
if !side_a.is_zero() {
return false;
}
let Some((drop, s)) = plane_axis([v, c, d]) else { return false };
orient2d_projected(v, c, a, drop) != -s && orient2d_projected(v, a, d, drop) != -s
}
/// Whether two triangles of a surface, given by vertex ids and points, meet anywhere other than
/// in the vertices and edge they share. Both must be non-degenerate.
pub fn surface_pair_intersects(ids: [[u32; 3]; 2], s: Tri, t: Tri) -> bool {
let [si, ti] = ids;
// Positions in s of the corners shared with t, and their positions in t.
let mut shared = [(0usize, 0usize); 3];
let mut n = 0;
for (i, v) in si.iter().enumerate() {
if let (Some(j), Some(slot)) = (ti.iter().position(|w| w == v), shared.get_mut(n)) {
*slot = (i, j);
n += 1;
}
}
match shared.get(..n).unwrap_or(&[]) {
[] => triangles_meet(s, t),
&[(i, j)] => {
let v = s[i];
let (a, b) = (s[(i + 1) % 3], s[(i + 2) % 3]);
let (c, d) = (t[(j + 1) % 3], t[(j + 2) % 3]);
let (oa, ob, oc, od) = (side(t, a), side(t, b), side(s, c), side(s, d));
segment_meets(a, b, oa, ob, t)
|| segment_meets(c, d, oc, od, s)
|| edge_enters_corner(v, a, oa, c, d)
|| edge_enters_corner(v, b, ob, c, d)
|| edge_enters_corner(v, c, oc, a, b)
|| edge_enters_corner(v, d, od, a, b)
}
&[(i0, j0), (i1, j1)] => {
// The corner of each triangle off the shared edge.
let (u, w, a, b) = (s[i0], s[i1], s[3 - i0 - i1], t[3 - j0 - j1]);
if !orient3d(u, w, a, b).is_zero() {
return false;
}
let Some((drop, _)) = plane_axis(s) else { return false };
orient2d_projected(u, w, a, drop) == orient2d_projected(u, w, b, drop)
}
// The same three vertices: a duplicate triangle.
_ => true,
}
}
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//! Boundary surface preparation: the step between a tessellated body and volume meshing.
//!
//! [`BoundarySurface::new`] turns a face-tagged triangle surface (SolidCraft's tessellation, or a
//! tagged 3MF) into one that every volume mesher can rely on, or fails with the list of
//! [`Defect`]s, each located by input triangle or vertex index and a position:
//!
//! 1. **Coordinates and indices** are checked: finite, within [`modelcraft_model::MAX_COORD`],
//! in range.
//! 2. **Weld.** Vertices closer than a distance (relative to the bounding-box diagonal, or
//! absolute: [`SurfaceOptions`]) become one, in input order (the earliest vertex of a cluster
//! is its representative and keeps its position), so the result does not depend on hashing.
//! SolidCraft's tessellation is a triangle soup (three vertices per triangle), and two faces'
//! copies of a shared boundary point agree only to within the kernel's tolerance, so this is
//! where its faces join. Triangles that collapse are dropped; coordinates below
//! [`crate::predicates::MIN_MAGNITUDE`] snap to zero so every point is in the exact
//! predicates' domain.
//! 3. **Degenerate triangles** (exactly collinear corners) are rejected.
//! 4. **Topology.** Every edge has exactly two triangles that traverse it in opposite directions
//! (closed, edge-manifold, consistently oriented), and the triangles around each vertex form a
//! single fan (vertex-manifold).
//! 5. **Self-intersection.** A bounding volume hierarchy pairs triangles whose boxes touch; each
//! pair is decided exactly ([`intersect`]): triangles may meet only in the vertices or the edge
//! they share.
//! 6. **Shells and orientation.** Connected components, their genus from the Euler
//! characteristic, their signed volume (divergence theorem), and their nesting from the
//! generalized winding number: an outer shell must enclose positive volume, a void (a shell
//! inside an odd number of others) negative.
//! 7. **Feature edges**: edges between different B-rep faces, and edges whose dihedral angle
//! exceeds a threshold. The B-rep face of every triangle is kept, so loads and boundary
//! conditions on CAD faces map to mesh faces.
//!
//! # Sources
//! - J. R. Shewchuk, *Adaptive Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic and Fast Robust Geometric
//! Predicates*, DCG 18:305–363, 1997: every intersection decision is a sign of `orient3d` or
//! `orient2d` ([`crate::predicates`]).
//! - P. Guigue, O. Devillers, *Fast and Robust Triangle–Triangle Overlap Test Using Orientation
//! Predicates*, J. Graphics Tools 8(1):25–32, 2003: triangle overlap decided from orientation
//! signs alone (here through the edge–triangle reduction in [`intersect`]).
//! - C. Ericson, *Real-Time Collision Detection*, Morgan Kaufmann, 2005, ch. 6: bounding volume
//! hierarchies, top-down median-split construction and the self-collision traversal.
//! - A. Jacobson, L. Kavan, O. Sorkine-Hornung, *Robust Inside-Outside Segmentation using
//! Generalized Winding Numbers*, ACM TOG 32(4), 2013, with the triangle solid angle of A. van
//! Oosterom, J. Strackee, *The Solid Angle of a Plane Triangle*, IEEE TBME 30(2):125–126, 1983:
//! shell nesting.
mod bvh;
pub mod intersect;
mod topology;
mod weld;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
use std::fmt;
use modelcraft_model::{MAX_COORD, MAX_ELEMENTS, MAX_NODES};
use crate::predicates::Point3;
use crate::vec3::{cross, norm, sub};
use crate::{Error, Result};
/// Defects listed in an error; the count covers the rest.
pub const MAX_LISTED_DEFECTS: usize = 100;
/// Cap on exact triangle-pair tests in the self-intersection check.
pub const MAX_PAIR_TESTS: u64 = 1_000_000_000;
/// Cap on triangle solid angles summed to nest shells (shells × triangles, after box culling).
pub const MAX_WINDING_WORK: u64 = 500_000_000;
/// The largest weld distance, as a fraction of the bounding-box diagonal.
pub const MAX_RELATIVE_WELD: f64 = 1e-3;
/// How [`BoundarySurface::new`] welds and finds features.
///
/// Vertices closer than the larger of `weld_tolerance` × the bounding-box diagonal and
/// `weld_distance` are welded. Tessellations of B-rep faces agree on their shared boundary points
/// only to within the kernel's tolerance, so a caller with CAD input sets `weld_distance` from it
/// (twice the kernel's linear tolerance: each face's copy of a boundary point is within it of the
/// exact point).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub struct SurfaceOptions {
/// Relative weld distance, in `[0, 1e-3]`; nonzero values below 1e-15 are refused (finer than
/// the coordinates themselves). 0 with `weld_distance` 0 welds identical coordinates only.
pub weld_tolerance: f64,
/// Absolute weld distance in model units, at least 0 (the combined distance may be at most
/// [`MAX_RELATIVE_WELD`] of the bounding-box diagonal). A tessellation carries its own
/// (`modelcraft_geometry::SurfaceMesh::weld_distance`).
pub weld_distance: f64,
/// An edge inside one B-rep face is a feature when the normals of its two triangles differ
/// by more than this angle, in degrees, in `(0, 180]` (180: face boundaries only).
pub feature_angle: f64,
}
impl Default for SurfaceOptions {
fn default() -> Self {
SurfaceOptions { weld_tolerance: 1e-9, weld_distance: 0.0, feature_angle: 45.0 }
}
}
/// A defect that keeps a triangle surface from bounding a volume mesh. Triangle and vertex
/// numbers are indices into the input; `at` is a position near the defect.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum Defect {
/// A coordinate is not a finite number within ±[`MAX_COORD`].
BadCoordinate { vertex: u32 },
/// A triangle refers to a vertex that does not exist.
BadIndex { triangle: u32 },
/// A triangle with exactly collinear corners.
Degenerate { triangle: u32, at: [f64; 3] },
/// An edge with only one triangle: the surface has a hole there.
OpenEdge { vertices: [u32; 2], triangle: u32, at: [f64; 3] },
/// An edge shared by more than two triangles.
NonManifoldEdge { vertices: [u32; 2], triangles: u32, at: [f64; 3] },
/// Two triangles traverse their shared edge in the same direction: one of them is flipped.
Flipped { vertices: [u32; 2], triangles: [u32; 2], at: [f64; 3] },
/// The triangles around a vertex form more than one fan (two sheets touch at a point).
NonManifoldVertex { vertex: u32, at: [f64; 3] },
/// Two triangles meet outside the vertices and edge they share.
SelfIntersection { triangles: [u32; 2], at: [f64; 3] },
/// A shell enclosing negative volume although it is not inside another shell (its triangles
/// face inwards), or positive volume although it is a void.
Inverted { shell: u32, triangle: u32, volume: f64 },
/// A shell whose enclosed volume is too small to tell its orientation from rounding.
Flat { shell: u32, triangle: u32 },
}
impl Defect {
/// A short, stable name for the kind of defect (`open_edge`, `self_intersection`, …).
pub fn kind(&self) -> &'static str {
match self {
Defect::BadCoordinate { .. } => "bad_coordinate",
Defect::BadIndex { .. } => "bad_index",
Defect::Degenerate { .. } => "degenerate",
Defect::OpenEdge { .. } => "open_edge",
Defect::NonManifoldEdge { .. } => "non_manifold_edge",
Defect::Flipped { .. } => "flipped",
Defect::NonManifoldVertex { .. } => "non_manifold_vertex",
Defect::SelfIntersection { .. } => "self_intersection",
Defect::Inverted { .. } => "inverted",
Defect::Flat { .. } => "flat",
}
}
/// A position near the defect, when it has one.
pub fn at(&self) -> Option<[f64; 3]> {
match self {
Defect::BadCoordinate { .. } | Defect::BadIndex { .. } | Defect::Inverted { .. } | Defect::Flat { .. } => None,
Defect::Degenerate { at, .. }
| Defect::OpenEdge { at, .. }
| Defect::NonManifoldEdge { at, .. }
| Defect::Flipped { at, .. }
| Defect::NonManifoldVertex { at, .. }
| Defect::SelfIntersection { at, .. } => Some(*at),
}
}
}
struct Xyz([f64; 3]);
impl fmt::Display for Xyz {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {}, {})", self.0[0], self.0[1], self.0[2])
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Defect {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match *self {
Defect::BadCoordinate { vertex } => write!(f, "vertex {vertex}: a coordinate is not a finite number within ±{MAX_COORD}"),
Defect::BadIndex { triangle } => write!(f, "triangle {triangle} refers to a vertex that does not exist"),
Defect::Degenerate { triangle, at } => write!(f, "triangle {triangle} at {} has collinear corners", Xyz(at)),
Defect::OpenEdge { vertices: [a, b], triangle, at } => {
write!(f, "open edge {a}–{b} at {} (only triangle {triangle} uses it)", Xyz(at))
}
Defect::NonManifoldEdge { vertices: [a, b], triangles, at } => {
write!(f, "edge {a}–{b} at {} is shared by {triangles} triangles", Xyz(at))
}
Defect::Flipped { vertices: [a, b], triangles: [s, t], at } => {
write!(f, "triangles {s} and {t} are oriented inconsistently across edge {a}–{b} at {}", Xyz(at))
}
Defect::NonManifoldVertex { vertex, at } => write!(f, "vertex {vertex} at {} joins separate sheets", Xyz(at)),
Defect::SelfIntersection { triangles: [s, t], at } => write!(f, "triangles {s} and {t} intersect near {}", Xyz(at)),
Defect::Inverted { shell, triangle, volume } => {
write!(f, "shell {shell} (from triangle {triangle}) is inside out: it encloses {volume} where the opposite sign is expected")
}
Defect::Flat { shell, triangle } => write!(f, "shell {shell} (from triangle {triangle}) encloses no measurable volume"),
}
}
}
/// The defects found by the first check that failed: up to [`MAX_LISTED_DEFECTS`], and how many
/// there are in all (a lower bound for self-intersections, whose search stops at the cap).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct Defects {
pub listed: Vec<Defect>,
pub total: usize,
}
impl Defects {
fn new() -> Self {
Defects { listed: Vec::new(), total: 0 }
}
fn push(&mut self, d: Defect) {
self.total += 1;
if self.listed.len() < MAX_LISTED_DEFECTS {
self.listed.push(d);
}
}
fn is_full(&self) -> bool {
self.listed.len() >= MAX_LISTED_DEFECTS
}
/// `Err` when there is at least one defect.
fn into_result(self) -> Result<()> {
if self.total == 0 { Ok(()) } else { Err(Error::Surface(self)) }
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Defects {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let s = if self.total == 1 { "" } else { "s" };
write!(f, "{} defect{s}", self.total)?;
for d in self.listed.iter().take(3) {
write!(f, "; {d}")?;
}
if self.total > 3 {
write!(f, "; …")?;
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// A connected component of the surface.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub struct Shell {
/// The shell's first triangle (output index); [`BoundarySurface::tri_shell`] lists the rest.
pub first_triangle: u32,
pub triangles: u32,
pub vertices: u32,
/// Handles (through holes): 0 for a block, 1 for a plate with a hole.
pub genus: u32,
/// Signed enclosed volume: positive for an outer shell, negative for a void.
pub volume: f64,
/// Inside an odd number of other shells: a cavity in the solid.
pub void: bool,
}
/// Why an edge is a feature.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub enum FeatureKind {
/// Between two B-rep faces.
FaceBoundary,
/// Inside one face, with a dihedral angle above the threshold.
Sharp,
}
/// An edge the volume mesh must keep: its vertices (ascending), its two triangles (the one that
/// traverses it from `vertices[0]` to `vertices[1]` first) and the angle between their normals
/// in degrees.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub struct FeatureEdge {
pub vertices: [u32; 2],
pub triangles: [u32; 2],
pub angle: f64,
pub kind: FeatureKind,
}
/// A welded, closed, 2-manifold, outward-oriented, self-intersection-free triangle surface with
/// its B-rep face tags and feature edges: the boundary every volume mesher starts from.
///
/// Every point is admissible for [`crate::predicates`] ([`BoundarySurface::point3`]), triangles
/// are counter-clockwise seen from outside the solid (voids included: their normals point into
/// the cavity), and all output is a deterministic function of the input.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct BoundarySurface {
points: Vec<[f64; 3]>,
triangles: Vec<[u32; 3]>,
tri_face: Vec<u32>,
neighbors: Vec<[u32; 3]>,
tri_shell: Vec<u32>,
shells: Vec<Shell>,
feature_edges: Vec<FeatureEdge>,
source_vertex: Vec<u32>,
source_triangle: Vec<u32>,
}
impl BoundarySurface {
/// Prepare `triangles` over `positions` (counter-clockwise seen from outside) with the B-rep
/// face of each triangle (`tri_face`; empty means one face). Fails with
/// [`Error::Surface`] listing the defects of the first check that fails, with
/// [`Error::Invalid`] on unusable options or sizes, or with [`Error::Limit`] when a search cap
/// is reached.
pub fn new(positions: &[[f64; 3]], triangles: &[[u32; 3]], tri_face: &[u32], options: &SurfaceOptions) -> Result<Self> {
check_options(options)?;
if positions.len() > MAX_NODES || triangles.len() > MAX_ELEMENTS {
return Err(Error::Invalid(format!(
"{} vertices and {} triangles exceed the limits ({MAX_NODES}, {MAX_ELEMENTS})",
positions.len(),
triangles.len()
)));
}
if !tri_face.is_empty() && tri_face.len() != triangles.len() {
return Err(Error::Invalid(format!("{} face tags for {} triangles", tri_face.len(), triangles.len())));
}
if triangles.is_empty() {
return Err(Error::Invalid("the surface has no triangles".into()));
}
check_input(positions, triangles)?;
let welded = weld::weld(positions, triangles, options.weld_tolerance, options.weld_distance)?;
if welded.triangles.is_empty() {
return Err(Error::Invalid("every triangle collapses when the vertices are welded".into()));
}
let pts: Vec<Point3> = welded.points.iter().map(|&p| Point3::try_from(p)).collect::<Result<_>>()?;
let tri_face: Vec<u32> = welded.source_triangle.iter().map(|&t| tri_face.get(t as usize).copied().unwrap_or(0)).collect();
let surface =
Surface { pts: &pts, triangles: &welded.triangles, source_vertex: &welded.source_vertex, source_triangle: &welded.source_triangle };
let mut defects = Defects::new();
for (t, tri) in surface.triangles.iter().enumerate() {
if intersect::is_degenerate(surface.corners(tri)?) {
defects.push(Defect::Degenerate { triangle: surface.source_tri(t), at: surface.centroid(t) });
}
}
defects.into_result()?;
let topo = topology::Topology::build(&surface)?;
bvh::self_intersections(&surface)?.into_result()?;
let shells = topology::shells(&surface, &topo)?;
let feature_edges = topology::feature_edges(&surface, &topo, &tri_face, options.feature_angle);
let weld::Welded { points, triangles, source_vertex, source_triangle } = welded;
Ok(BoundarySurface {
points,
triangles,
tri_face,
neighbors: topo.neighbors,
tri_shell: shells.tri_shell,
shells: shells.shells,
feature_edges,
source_vertex,
source_triangle,
})
}
/// Welded vertex positions.
pub fn points(&self) -> &[[f64; 3]] {
&self.points
}
/// Vertex `v` as a predicate point.
pub fn point3(&self, v: u32) -> Option<Point3> {
self.points.get(v as usize).and_then(|&p| Point3::try_from(p).ok())
}
/// Triangles over [`Self::points`], counter-clockwise seen from outside the solid.
pub fn triangles(&self) -> &[[u32; 3]] {
&self.triangles
}
/// The B-rep face of each triangle (the input's tag, 0 when there was none).
pub fn tri_face(&self) -> &[u32] {
&self.tri_face
}
/// For each triangle `[a, b, c]`, the triangles across its edges `ab`, `bc` and `ca`.
pub fn neighbors(&self) -> &[[u32; 3]] {
&self.neighbors
}
/// The shell of each triangle (an index into [`Self::shells`]).
pub fn tri_shell(&self) -> &[u32] {
&self.tri_shell
}
/// Shells in order of their first triangle.
pub fn shells(&self) -> &[Shell] {
&self.shells
}
/// The enclosed volume: the sum of the shells' signed volumes.
pub fn volume(&self) -> f64 {
self.shells.iter().map(|s| s.volume).sum()
}
/// Feature edges, sorted by vertices.
pub fn feature_edges(&self) -> &[FeatureEdge] {
&self.feature_edges
}
/// Feature corners: vertices where the number of feature edges is neither 0 nor 2 (where
/// three faces meet, or where a feature curve ends), ascending.
pub fn feature_corners(&self) -> Vec<u32> {
let mut count = vec![0u32; self.points.len()];
for e in &self.feature_edges {
for v in e.vertices {
if let Some(c) = count.get_mut(v as usize) {
*c += 1;
}
}
}
count.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, c)| !matches!(c, 0 | 2)).filter_map(|(v, _)| u32::try_from(v).ok()).collect()
}
/// The input vertex each point comes from (the first of the vertices welded into it).
pub fn source_vertex(&self) -> &[u32] {
&self.source_vertex
}
/// The input triangle each triangle comes from (collapsed ones are dropped).
pub fn source_triangle(&self) -> &[u32] {
&self.source_triangle
}
}
fn check_options(o: &SurfaceOptions) -> Result<()> {
let w = o.weld_tolerance;
if !(w == 0.0 || (1e-15..=MAX_RELATIVE_WELD).contains(&w)) {
return Err(Error::Invalid(format!(
"weld tolerance must be 0 or in [1e-15, {MAX_RELATIVE_WELD}] (relative to the bounding-box diagonal), got {w}"
)));
}
if !(o.weld_distance >= 0.0 && o.weld_distance <= MAX_COORD) {
return Err(Error::Invalid(format!("weld distance must be a length of at least 0, got {}", o.weld_distance)));
}
if !(o.feature_angle > 0.0 && o.feature_angle <= 180.0) {
return Err(Error::Invalid(format!("feature angle must be in (0, 180] degrees, got {}", o.feature_angle)));
}
Ok(())
}
fn check_input(positions: &[[f64; 3]], triangles: &[[u32; 3]]) -> Result<()> {
let mut defects = Defects::new();
for (v, p) in positions.iter().enumerate() {
if p.iter().any(|c| !(c.abs() <= MAX_COORD)) {
defects.push(Defect::BadCoordinate { vertex: index(v) });
}
}
for (t, tri) in triangles.iter().enumerate() {
if tri.iter().any(|&v| v as usize >= positions.len()) {
defects.push(Defect::BadIndex { triangle: index(t) });
}
}
defects.into_result()
}
/// An index known to fit (sizes are capped well below `u32::MAX`).
pub(crate) fn index(i: usize) -> u32 {
u32::try_from(i).unwrap_or(u32::MAX)
}
/// The welded surface the checks run on.
pub(crate) struct Surface<'a> {
pts: &'a [Point3],
triangles: &'a [[u32; 3]],
source_vertex: &'a [u32],
source_triangle: &'a [u32],
}
impl Surface<'_> {
fn point(&self, v: u32) -> Result<&Point3> {
self.pts.get(v as usize).ok_or_else(|| Error::Failed(format!("surface: no vertex {v}")))
}
fn corners(&self, t: &[u32; 3]) -> Result<[&Point3; 3]> {
Ok([self.point(t[0])?, self.point(t[1])?, self.point(t[2])?])
}
fn xyz(&self, v: u32) -> [f64; 3] {
self.pts.get(v as usize).map_or([0.0; 3], Point3::coords)
}
/// The corner positions of triangle `t`.
fn tri_xyz(&self, t: usize) -> [[f64; 3]; 3] {
self.triangles.get(t).copied().unwrap_or([0; 3]).map(|v| self.xyz(v))
}
fn centroid(&self, t: usize) -> [f64; 3] {
let [a, b, c] = self.tri_xyz(t);
[(a[0] + b[0] + c[0]) / 3.0, (a[1] + b[1] + c[1]) / 3.0, (a[2] + b[2] + c[2]) / 3.0]
}
fn midpoint(&self, a: u32, b: u32) -> [f64; 3] {
let (a, b) = (self.xyz(a), self.xyz(b));
[(a[0] + b[0]) / 2.0, (a[1] + b[1]) / 2.0, (a[2] + b[2]) / 2.0]
}
fn source_tri(&self, t: usize) -> u32 {
self.source_triangle.get(t).copied().unwrap_or(u32::MAX)
}
fn source_vert(&self, v: u32) -> u32 {
self.source_vertex.get(v as usize).copied().unwrap_or(u32::MAX)
}
/// The unnormalized normal of triangle `t` (floating point; for angles only).
fn normal(&self, t: usize) -> [f64; 3] {
let [a, b, c] = self.tri_xyz(t);
cross(sub(b, a), sub(c, a))
}
}
/// An axis-aligned box (empty until a point is added).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub(crate) struct Box3 {
pub lo: [f64; 3],
pub hi: [f64; 3],
}
impl Box3 {
pub const EMPTY: Box3 = Box3 { lo: [f64::INFINITY; 3], hi: [f64::NEG_INFINITY; 3] };
pub fn add_point(&mut self, p: [f64; 3]) {
self.add(&Box3 { lo: p, hi: p });
}
pub fn add(&mut self, o: &Box3) {
for ((lo, hi), (olo, ohi)) in self.lo.iter_mut().zip(&mut self.hi).zip(o.lo.iter().zip(&o.hi)) {
*lo = lo.min(*olo);
*hi = hi.max(*ohi);
}
}
/// Closed overlap.
pub fn touches(&self, o: &Box3) -> bool {
(0..3).all(|k| self.lo[k] <= o.hi[k] && o.lo[k] <= self.hi[k])
}
pub fn contains(&self, p: [f64; 3]) -> bool {
self.touches(&Box3 { lo: p, hi: p })
}
pub fn diagonal(&self) -> f64 {
norm(sub(self.hi, self.lo))
}
}
+394
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@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
use std::f64::consts::PI;
use super::intersect::{segment_meets_triangle, surface_pair_intersects, triangles_meet};
use super::*;
type Mesh = (Vec<[f64; 3]>, Vec<[u32; 3]>, Vec<u32>);
/// An axis-aligned cube, counter-clockwise from outside, one face tag per side.
fn cube(lo: [f64; 3], size: f64) -> Mesh {
let p =
(0..8).map(|i| [lo[0] + size * f64::from(i & 1), lo[1] + size * f64::from((i >> 1) & 1), lo[2] + size * f64::from((i >> 2) & 1)]).collect();
let t = vec![[0, 2, 3], [0, 3, 1], [4, 5, 7], [4, 7, 6], [0, 1, 5], [0, 5, 4], [2, 6, 7], [2, 7, 3], [0, 4, 6], [0, 6, 2], [1, 3, 7], [1, 7, 5]];
(p, t, vec![0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5])
}
fn flip(m: &mut Mesh) {
for t in &mut m.1 {
t.swap(1, 2);
}
}
fn merge(a: Mesh, b: Mesh) -> Mesh {
let (mut p, mut t, mut f) = a;
let n = p.len() as u32;
let faces = f.iter().max().map_or(0, |m| m + 1);
p.extend(b.0);
t.extend(b.1.iter().map(|t| t.map(|v| v + n)));
f.extend(b.2.iter().map(|x| x + faces));
(p, t, f)
}
/// Every triangle with its own three vertices, as SolidCraft's tessellator emits them.
fn soup(m: &Mesh) -> Mesh {
let mut p = Vec::new();
let mut t = Vec::new();
for tri in &m.1 {
let base = p.len() as u32;
p.extend(tri.map(|v| m.0[v as usize]));
t.push([base, base + 1, base + 2]);
}
(p, t, m.2.clone())
}
/// A closed parametric surface on an `n × m` grid, (u, v) ↦ point, periodic in u; `poles` caps
/// v = 0 and v = 1 with single vertices (a sphere), otherwise v is periodic too (a torus).
fn grid(n: u32, m: u32, poles: bool, f: impl Fn(f64, f64) -> [f64; 3]) -> Mesh {
let mut p = Vec::new();
let rows = if poles { m - 1 } else { m };
for j in 0..rows {
for i in 0..n {
let v = if poles { f64::from(j + 1) / f64::from(m) } else { f64::from(j) / f64::from(m) };
p.push(f(f64::from(i) / f64::from(n), v));
}
}
let id = |i: u32, j: u32| (j % rows) * n + i % n;
let mut t = Vec::new();
let quads = if poles { rows - 1 } else { rows };
for j in 0..quads {
for i in 0..n {
let (a, b, c, d) = (id(i, j), id(i + 1, j), id(i + 1, j + 1), id(i, j + 1));
t.push([a, b, c]);
t.push([a, c, d]);
}
}
if poles {
let (south, north) = (p.len() as u32, p.len() as u32 + 1);
p.push(f(0.0, 0.0));
p.push(f(0.0, 1.0));
for i in 0..n {
t.push([south, id(i + 1, 0), id(i, 0)]);
t.push([north, id(i, rows - 1), id(i + 1, rows - 1)]);
}
}
let faces = vec![0; t.len()];
let mut mesh = (p, t, faces);
// Orient outwards.
let six_v: f64 = mesh.1.iter().map(|t| crate::vec3::det(mesh.0[t[0] as usize], mesh.0[t[1] as usize], mesh.0[t[2] as usize])).sum();
if six_v < 0.0 {
flip(&mut mesh);
}
mesh
}
fn torus(n: u32, m: u32) -> Mesh {
grid(n, m, false, |u, v| {
let (a, b) = (2.0 * PI * u, 2.0 * PI * v);
[(3.0 + b.cos()) * a.cos(), (3.0 + b.cos()) * a.sin(), b.sin()]
})
}
fn sphere(n: u32, m: u32) -> Mesh {
grid(n, m, true, |u, v| {
let (a, b) = (2.0 * PI * u, PI * v);
[b.sin() * a.cos(), b.sin() * a.sin(), -b.cos()]
})
}
fn moved(m: Mesh, d: [f64; 3]) -> Mesh {
(m.0.iter().map(|p| [p[0] + d[0], p[1] + d[1], p[2] + d[2]]).collect(), m.1, m.2)
}
fn prepare(m: &Mesh) -> Result<BoundarySurface> {
BoundarySurface::new(&m.0, &m.1, &m.2, &SurfaceOptions::default())
}
fn defects(m: &Mesh) -> Defects {
match prepare(m) {
Err(Error::Surface(d)) => d,
other => panic!("expected defects, got {other:?}"),
}
}
fn kinds(d: &Defects) -> Vec<&'static str> {
let mut k: Vec<_> = d.listed.iter().map(Defect::kind).collect();
k.dedup();
k
}
#[test]
fn cube_is_a_valid_boundary_with_its_edges_as_features() {
let s = prepare(&cube([0.0; 3], 2.0)).unwrap();
assert_eq!((s.points().len(), s.triangles().len()), (8, 12));
assert_eq!(s.shells().len(), 1);
let sh = s.shells()[0];
assert_eq!((sh.genus, sh.triangles, sh.vertices, sh.void), (0, 12, 8, false));
assert!((s.volume() - 8.0).abs() < 1e-12);
assert_eq!(s.feature_edges().len(), 12);
assert!(s.feature_edges().iter().all(|e| e.kind == FeatureKind::FaceBoundary && (e.angle - 90.0).abs() < 1e-9));
assert_eq!(s.feature_corners(), (0..8).collect::<Vec<u32>>());
for (t, n) in s.neighbors().iter().enumerate() {
for (k, &m) in n.iter().enumerate() {
let (a, b) = (s.triangles()[t][k], s.triangles()[t][(k + 1) % 3]);
let other = s.triangles()[m as usize];
assert!((0..3).any(|j| other[j] == b && other[(j + 1) % 3] == a), "triangle {t} edge {k}");
}
}
// Feature edges name first the triangle that traverses them low → high.
for e in s.feature_edges() {
let t = s.triangles()[e.triangles[0] as usize];
assert!((0..3).any(|j| t[j] == e.vertices[0] && t[(j + 1) % 3] == e.vertices[1]));
}
}
#[test]
fn a_triangle_soup_welds_into_the_solid() {
let c = cube([1.0, -2.0, 0.5], 3.0);
let s = prepare(&soup(&c)).unwrap();
assert_eq!((s.points().len(), s.triangles().len()), (8, 12));
assert_eq!(s.source_vertex().len(), 8);
assert_eq!(s.source_triangle(), (0..12).collect::<Vec<u32>>());
assert_eq!(s.tri_face(), c.2.as_slice());
assert!((s.volume() - 27.0).abs() < 1e-9);
// Tessellation noise below the tolerance welds; with exact welding it leaves holes.
let mut noisy = soup(&c);
for (i, p) in noisy.0.iter_mut().enumerate() {
p[0] += 1e-12 * (i % 3) as f64;
}
assert_eq!(prepare(&noisy).unwrap().points().len(), 8);
let exact = SurfaceOptions { weld_tolerance: 0.0, ..SurfaceOptions::default() };
assert!(matches!(BoundarySurface::new(&noisy.0, &noisy.1, &noisy.2, &exact), Err(Error::Surface(_))));
// Or an absolute distance (a CAD kernel's tolerance).
let mut noisy = soup(&c);
for (i, p) in noisy.0.iter_mut().enumerate() {
p[1] += 1.5e-6 * (i % 2) as f64;
}
assert!(matches!(prepare(&noisy), Err(Error::Surface(_))));
let kernel = SurfaceOptions { weld_distance: 2e-6, ..SurfaceOptions::default() };
assert_eq!(BoundarySurface::new(&noisy.0, &noisy.1, &noisy.2, &kernel).unwrap().points().len(), 8);
}
#[test]
fn untagged_faces_use_the_dihedral_angle() {
let c = cube([0.0; 3], 1.0);
let s = BoundarySurface::new(&c.0, &c.1, &[], &SurfaceOptions::default()).unwrap();
assert!(s.tri_face().iter().all(|&f| f == 0));
assert_eq!(s.feature_edges().len(), 12);
assert!(s.feature_edges().iter().all(|e| e.kind == FeatureKind::Sharp));
let blunt = SurfaceOptions { feature_angle: 90.0, ..SurfaceOptions::default() };
assert!(BoundarySurface::new(&c.0, &c.1, &[], &blunt).unwrap().feature_edges().is_empty());
}
#[test]
fn torus_and_sphere_have_their_genus() {
let t = prepare(&torus(16, 8)).unwrap();
assert_eq!((t.shells().len(), t.shells()[0].genus), (1, 1));
let s = prepare(&sphere(24, 12)).unwrap();
assert_eq!((s.shells().len(), s.shells()[0].genus), (1, 0));
// Inscribed in the unit sphere: a little less than its volume.
let ball = 4.0 / 3.0 * PI;
assert!(s.volume() < ball && s.volume() > 0.9 * ball, "{}", s.volume());
// A smooth surface tagged as one face has no features at a fine tessellation.
assert!(prepare(&torus(64, 32)).unwrap().feature_edges().is_empty());
}
#[test]
fn a_void_is_a_negative_shell_inside_another() {
let mut inner = cube([1.0; 3], 1.0);
flip(&mut inner);
let s = prepare(&merge(cube([0.0; 3], 3.0), inner)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(s.shells().len(), 2);
assert!(!s.shells()[0].void && s.shells()[1].void);
assert!((s.volume() - 26.0).abs() < 1e-9);
assert!(s.tri_shell()[..12].iter().all(|&x| x == 0) && s.tri_shell()[12..].iter().all(|&x| x == 1));
// Two separate solids are two outer shells.
let two = prepare(&merge(cube([0.0; 3], 1.0), cube([5.0, 0.0, 0.0], 1.0))).unwrap();
assert!(two.shells().iter().all(|s| !s.void && s.volume > 0.0));
// A void facing outwards, and a solid facing inwards, are inverted.
let d = defects(&merge(cube([0.0; 3], 3.0), cube([1.0; 3], 1.0)));
assert_eq!(d.listed, vec![Defect::Inverted { shell: 1, triangle: 12, volume: 1.0 }]);
let mut c = cube([0.0; 3], 1.0);
flip(&mut c);
assert_eq!(kinds(&defects(&c)), vec!["inverted"]);
}
#[test]
fn holes_and_bad_edges_are_located() {
let mut open = cube([0.0; 3], 1.0);
open.1.remove(3);
open.2.remove(3);
let d = defects(&open);
assert_eq!(d.total, 3);
assert!(d.listed.iter().all(|x| x.kind() == "open_edge" && x.at().is_some()));
assert!(d.to_string().starts_with("3 defects; open edge"), "{d}");
let mut flipped = cube([0.0; 3], 1.0);
flipped.1[5].swap(0, 1);
let d = defects(&flipped);
assert_eq!(kinds(&d), vec!["flipped"]);
assert_eq!(d.total, 3);
assert!(d.listed.iter().all(|x| matches!(x, Defect::Flipped { triangles, .. } if triangles.contains(&5))));
// A fin on an edge: three triangles there.
let mut fin = cube([0.0; 3], 1.0);
fin.0.push([0.5, -1.0, -1.0]);
fin.1.push([0, 1, 8]);
fin.2.push(9);
assert!(kinds(&defects(&fin)).contains(&"non_manifold_edge"));
}
#[test]
fn cubes_touching_at_a_corner_are_not_a_manifold() {
let d = defects(&merge(cube([0.0; 3], 1.0), cube([1.0; 3], 1.0)));
assert_eq!(d.listed, vec![Defect::NonManifoldVertex { vertex: 7, at: [1.0; 3] }]);
}
#[test]
fn intersecting_and_touching_solids_are_self_intersections() {
let d = defects(&merge(cube([0.0; 3], 2.0), cube([1.0; 3], 2.0)));
assert_eq!(kinds(&d), vec!["self_intersection"]);
// A smaller block resting on a face: coplanar contact without shared vertices.
let d = defects(&merge(cube([0.0; 3], 2.0), cube([2.0, 0.5, 0.5], 1.0)));
assert_eq!(kinds(&d), vec!["self_intersection"]);
// A void whose corner is pulled onto the outer surface (onto the bottom face's diagonal).
let mut inner = cube([1.0; 3], 1.0);
inner.0[0] = [1.0, 1.0, 0.0];
flip(&mut inner);
let d = defects(&merge(cube([0.0; 3], 3.0), inner));
assert_eq!(kinds(&d), vec!["self_intersection"]);
}
#[test]
fn many_intersections_are_capped() {
// Small cubes all crossing the top of a large one.
let mut m = cube([0.0; 3], 100.0);
for i in 0..60 {
m = merge(m, cube([1.5 * f64::from(i) + 0.1, 0.1, 99.5], 1.0));
}
let d = defects(&m);
assert_eq!(d.listed.len(), MAX_LISTED_DEFECTS);
assert!(d.listed.windows(2).all(|w| match (&w[0], &w[1]) {
(Defect::SelfIntersection { triangles: a, .. }, Defect::SelfIntersection { triangles: b, .. }) => a <= b,
_ => false,
}));
}
#[test]
fn hostile_input_is_an_error() {
let c = cube([0.0; 3], 1.0);
let mut nan = c.clone();
nan.0[3][1] = f64::NAN;
assert_eq!(defects(&nan).listed, vec![Defect::BadCoordinate { vertex: 3 }]);
let mut far = c.clone();
far.0[0][0] = 1e10;
assert_eq!(kinds(&defects(&far)), vec!["bad_coordinate"]);
let mut bad = c.clone();
bad.1[2][1] = 99;
assert_eq!(defects(&bad).listed, vec![Defect::BadIndex { triangle: 2 }]);
let mut degenerate = c.clone();
degenerate.0.push([2.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
degenerate.1.push([0, 1, 8]);
degenerate.2.push(0);
assert_eq!(kinds(&defects(&degenerate)), vec!["degenerate"]);
let o = SurfaceOptions::default();
assert!(matches!(BoundarySurface::new(&[], &[], &[], &o), Err(Error::Invalid(_))));
assert!(matches!(BoundarySurface::new(&c.0, &c.1, &[0, 1], &o), Err(Error::Invalid(_))));
assert!(matches!(BoundarySurface::new(&[[1.0; 3]; 3], &[[0, 1, 2]], &[], &o), Err(Error::Invalid(_))));
for w in [-1.0, f64::NAN, 1e-20, 0.5, f64::INFINITY] {
assert!(BoundarySurface::new(&c.0, &c.1, &c.2, &SurfaceOptions { weld_tolerance: w, ..o }).is_err(), "{w}");
}
for d in [-1.0, f64::NAN, f64::INFINITY, 0.01] {
assert!(BoundarySurface::new(&c.0, &c.1, &c.2, &SurfaceOptions { weld_distance: d, ..o }).is_err(), "{d}");
}
for a in [0.0, -1.0, 181.0, f64::NAN] {
assert!(BoundarySurface::new(&c.0, &c.1, &c.2, &SurfaceOptions { feature_angle: a, ..o }).is_err(), "{a}");
}
}
#[test]
fn tessellation_noise_snaps_into_the_predicates_domain() {
let mut c = cube([0.0; 3], 1.0);
c.0[0] = [1e-40, -1e-300, 0.0];
let s = BoundarySurface::new(&c.0, &c.1, &c.2, &SurfaceOptions { weld_tolerance: 0.0, ..SurfaceOptions::default() }).unwrap();
assert_eq!(s.points()[0], [0.0; 3]);
assert!((0..8).all(|v| s.point3(v).is_some()));
}
#[test]
fn output_is_deterministic() {
let m = merge(merge(soup(&torus(20, 10)), moved(sphere(16, 8), [0.0, 0.0, 10.0])), cube([20.0; 3], 1.0));
let a = prepare(&m).unwrap();
assert_eq!(a, prepare(&m).unwrap());
assert_eq!(a.shells().iter().map(|s| s.genus).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![1, 0, 0]);
}
#[test]
fn random_soups_never_panic() {
let mut seed = 0x2545_f491_4f6c_dd1d_u64;
let mut next = || {
seed ^= seed << 13;
seed ^= seed >> 7;
seed ^= seed << 17;
seed
};
let specials = [0.0, -0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1e-40, 1e9, f64::NAN, f64::INFINITY, 0.5];
for _ in 0..2000 {
let n = (next() % 9 + 1) as usize;
let p: Vec<[f64; 3]> =
(0..n).map(|_| [0, 1, 2].map(|_| if next() % 4 == 0 { specials[(next() % 9) as usize] } else { (next() % 5) as f64 })).collect();
let t: Vec<[u32; 3]> = (0..next() % 12).map(|_| [0, 1, 2].map(|_| (next() % (n as u64 + 1)) as u32)).collect();
let _ = BoundarySurface::new(&p, &t, &[], &SurfaceOptions::default());
}
}
fn p3(c: [f64; 3]) -> Point3 {
Point3::try_from(c).unwrap()
}
#[test]
fn exact_pair_tests() {
let [o, x, y, z] = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]].map(p3);
let t = [&o, &x, &y];
// Segments: piercing, touching a vertex, coplanar crossing, coplanar outside, parallel.
assert!(segment_meets_triangle(&p3([0.2, 0.2, -1.0]), &p3([0.2, 0.2, 1.0]), t));
assert!(segment_meets_triangle(&p3([1.0, 0.0, 0.0]), &p3([1.0, 0.0, 5.0]), t));
assert!(segment_meets_triangle(&p3([-1.0, 0.3, 0.0]), &p3([2.0, 0.3, 0.0]), t));
assert!(!segment_meets_triangle(&p3([0.6, 0.6, 0.0]), &p3([2.0, 2.0, 0.0]), t));
assert!(!segment_meets_triangle(&p3([0.0, 0.0, 1.0]), &p3([1.0, 0.0, 1.0]), t));
// On the hypotenuse x + y = 1 of a triangle whose corners are not exact in binary.
let (a, b) = (p3([0.1, 0.9, 0.0]), p3([0.9, 0.1, 0.0]));
let mid = p3([0.5, 0.5, 0.0]);
assert!(
segment_meets_triangle(&p3([0.5, 0.5, -1.0]), &p3([0.5, 0.5, 1.0]), [&o, &a, &b])
== (orient2d_sign(&a, &b, &mid) * orient2d_sign(&a, &b, &o) >= 0)
);
assert!(triangles_meet(t, [&p3([0.1, 0.1, -1.0]), &p3([0.1, 0.1, 1.0]), &p3([0.5, 0.1, 0.0])]));
assert!(!triangles_meet(t, [&p3([0.1, 0.1, 0.5]), &p3([0.6, 0.1, 0.5]), &p3([0.1, 0.6, 0.5])]));
// Shared edge o–x: folded flat onto t, flat on the other side, and bent out of plane.
let ids = |s: [u32; 3], t: [u32; 3]| [s, t];
let (w, w2, w3) = (p3([0.5, 0.5, 0.0]), p3([0.5, -0.5, 0.0]), p3([0.5, 0.5, 1.0]));
assert!(surface_pair_intersects(ids([0, 1, 2], [1, 0, 3]), t, [&x, &o, &w]));
assert!(!surface_pair_intersects(ids([0, 1, 2], [1, 0, 3]), t, [&x, &o, &w2]));
assert!(!surface_pair_intersects(ids([0, 1, 2], [1, 0, 3]), t, [&x, &o, &w3]));
// Shared vertex o: a coplanar triangle inside t's corner, one outside it, one crossing t, one
// out of plane touching only at o, and one whose edge runs along t's edge o–x.
let at_o = ids([0, 1, 2], [0, 3, 4]);
assert!(surface_pair_intersects(at_o, t, [&o, &p3([0.3, 0.1, 0.0]), &p3([0.1, 0.3, 0.0])]));
assert!(!surface_pair_intersects(at_o, t, [&o, &p3([-0.3, -0.1, 0.0]), &p3([-0.1, -0.3, 0.0])]));
assert!(surface_pair_intersects(at_o, t, [&o, &p3([0.3, 0.3, -1.0]), &p3([0.3, 0.3, 1.0])]));
assert!(!surface_pair_intersects(at_o, t, [&o, &z, &p3([-1.0, -1.0, 1.0])]));
assert!(surface_pair_intersects(at_o, t, [&o, &p3([0.5, 0.0, 0.0]), &p3([0.5, -1.0, 0.0])]));
}
/// The exact orientation of `c` against the directed line `ab` seen from +z, as -1, 0, 1.
fn orient2d_sign(a: &Point3, b: &Point3, c: &Point3) -> i32 {
let p = |q: &Point3| crate::predicates::Point2::new(q.coords()[0], q.coords()[1]).unwrap();
crate::predicates::orient2d(&p(a), &p(b), &p(c)) as i32
}
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//! Edges, manifoldness, orientation consistency, shells, nesting and feature edges.
//!
//! Edges come from sorting half-edges (no hash order); shells are numbered by their first
//! triangle; every loop is bounded by the input size.
use std::f64::consts::PI;
use super::{Box3, Defect, Defects, FeatureEdge, FeatureKind, MAX_WINDING_WORK, Shell, Surface, index};
use crate::vec3::{angle_deg, det, dot, norm, sub};
use crate::{Error, Result};
/// No triangle (only while building).
const NONE: u32 = u32::MAX;
/// An interior edge: its vertices (ascending) and its two triangles, the one traversing it from
/// `v[0]` to `v[1]` first.
pub(crate) struct Edge {
pub v: [u32; 2],
pub t: [u32; 2],
}
/// One triangle's use of an edge.
struct Half {
lo: u32,
hi: u32,
/// Traversed from `lo` to `hi`.
forward: bool,
tri: u32,
corner: usize,
}
pub(crate) struct Topology {
/// Per triangle `[a, b, c]`: the triangles across `ab`, `bc`, `ca`.
pub neighbors: Vec<[u32; 3]>,
pub edges: Vec<Edge>,
}
impl Topology {
/// Pair every edge with exactly one oppositely oriented edge and check every vertex is a
/// single fan.
pub fn build(s: &Surface) -> Result<Topology> {
let mut half: Vec<Half> = Vec::with_capacity(s.triangles.len() * 3);
for (t, tri) in s.triangles.iter().enumerate() {
for (k, (a, b)) in [(tri[0], tri[1]), (tri[1], tri[2]), (tri[2], tri[0])].into_iter().enumerate() {
half.push(Half { lo: a.min(b), hi: a.max(b), forward: a < b, tri: index(t), corner: k });
}
}
half.sort_unstable_by_key(|h| (h.lo, h.hi, h.tri, h.corner));
let mut neighbors = vec![[NONE; 3]; s.triangles.len()];
let mut edges = Vec::with_capacity(half.len() / 2);
let mut defects = Defects::new();
for run in half.chunk_by(|x, y| (x.lo, x.hi) == (y.lo, y.hi)) {
let Some(&Half { lo, hi, tri: t0, .. }) = run.first() else { continue };
let vertices = || [s.source_vert(lo), s.source_vert(hi)];
let at = || s.midpoint(lo, hi);
match run {
[_] => defects.push(Defect::OpenEdge { vertices: vertices(), triangle: s.source_tri(t0 as usize), at: at() }),
[x, y] if x.forward == y.forward => defects.push(Defect::Flipped {
vertices: vertices(),
triangles: [s.source_tri(x.tri as usize), s.source_tri(y.tri as usize)],
at: at(),
}),
[x, y] => {
for (from, to) in [(x, y), (y, x)] {
if let Some(slot) = neighbors.get_mut(from.tri as usize).and_then(|n| n.get_mut(from.corner)) {
*slot = to.tri;
}
}
let t = if x.forward { [x.tri, y.tri] } else { [y.tri, x.tri] };
edges.push(Edge { v: [lo, hi], t });
}
_ => defects.push(Defect::NonManifoldEdge { vertices: vertices(), triangles: index(run.len()), at: at() }),
}
}
defects.into_result()?;
let topo = Topology { neighbors, edges };
topo.check_fans(s)?;
Ok(topo)
}
/// Every vertex's triangles form one fan: walking across the edges around it from any of its
/// triangles visits all of them.
fn check_fans(&self, s: &Surface) -> Result<()> {
let mut degree = vec![0u32; s.pts.len()];
for v in s.triangles.iter().flatten() {
if let Some(d) = degree.get_mut(*v as usize) {
*d += 1;
}
}
let mut seen = vec![false; s.pts.len()];
let mut defects = Defects::new();
for (t0, tri) in s.triangles.iter().enumerate() {
for &v in tri {
let Some(flag) = seen.get_mut(v as usize) else { continue };
if *flag {
continue;
}
*flag = true;
let deg = degree.get(v as usize).copied().unwrap_or(0);
// Rotate across the edge leaving `v` in each triangle until back at the start.
let (mut t, mut steps) = (index(t0), 0u32);
loop {
let corner = s.triangles.get(t as usize).and_then(|tr| tr.iter().position(|&w| w == v));
let next = corner.and_then(|k| self.neighbors.get(t as usize).and_then(|n| n.get(k))).copied().unwrap_or(NONE);
steps += 1;
if next == NONE || next == index(t0) || steps > deg {
break;
}
t = next;
}
if steps != deg {
defects.push(Defect::NonManifoldVertex { vertex: s.source_vert(v), at: s.xyz(v) });
}
}
}
defects.into_result()
}
}
pub(crate) struct Shells {
pub tri_shell: Vec<u32>,
pub shells: Vec<Shell>,
}
/// Connected components, their genus, signed volume and nesting; fails when a shell faces the
/// wrong way.
pub(crate) fn shells(s: &Surface, topo: &Topology) -> Result<Shells> {
let n = s.triangles.len();
let mut tri_shell = vec![NONE; n];
let mut shells = Vec::new();
// Per shell: its box and its reference point (first vertex of its first triangle).
let mut extent: Vec<(Box3, [f64; 3])> = Vec::new();
let mut vertex_shell = vec![NONE; s.pts.len()];
let mut stack = Vec::new();
for start in 0..n {
if tri_shell.get(start) != Some(&NONE) {
continue;
}
let id = index(shells.len());
let origin = s.triangles.get(start).map_or([0.0; 3], |t| s.xyz(t[0]));
let (mut faces, mut verts, mut six_v) = (0u32, 0u32, 0.0);
let mut bounds = Box3::EMPTY;
if let Some(x) = tri_shell.get_mut(start) {
*x = id;
}
stack.push(start);
while let Some(t) = stack.pop() {
faces += 1;
let tri = s.triangles.get(t).copied().unwrap_or([0; 3]);
for v in tri {
if let Some(vs) = vertex_shell.get_mut(v as usize)
&& *vs != id
{
*vs = id;
verts += 1;
bounds.add_point(s.xyz(v));
}
}
let [a, b, c] = s.tri_xyz(t).map(|p| sub(p, origin));
six_v += det(a, b, c);
for &m in topo.neighbors.get(t).into_iter().flatten() {
if let Some(x) = tri_shell.get_mut(m as usize)
&& *x == NONE
{
*x = id;
stack.push(m as usize);
}
}
}
// Closed 2-manifold: E = 3F/2, χ = V − E + F = 2 − 2g.
let chi = i64::from(verts) - i64::from(faces) * 3 / 2 + i64::from(faces);
let genus = u32::try_from((2 - chi).max(0) / 2).unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
shells.push(Shell { first_triangle: index(start), triangles: faces, vertices: verts, genus, volume: six_v / 6.0, void: false });
extent.push((bounds, origin));
}
nest(s, &tri_shell, &mut shells, &extent)?;
let mut defects = Defects::new();
for (id, sh) in shells.iter().enumerate() {
let d = extent.get(id).map_or(0.0, |(b, _)| b.diagonal());
let triangle = s.source_tri(sh.first_triangle as usize);
// Each term of the sum is at most d³ and carries a few ulps of rounding.
if !(sh.volume.abs() > 8.0 * f64::EPSILON * f64::from(sh.triangles) * d * d * d) {
defects.push(Defect::Flat { shell: index(id), triangle });
} else if (sh.volume > 0.0) == sh.void {
defects.push(Defect::Inverted { shell: index(id), triangle, volume: sh.volume });
}
}
defects.into_result()?;
Ok(Shells { tri_shell, shells })
}
/// Mark the voids: shells inside an odd number of other shells, by the generalized winding
/// number of one of their vertices (shells do not intersect, so it is ±1 inside and 0 outside,
/// up to rounding).
fn nest(s: &Surface, tri_shell: &[u32], shells: &mut [Shell], extent: &[(Box3, [f64; 3])]) -> Result<()> {
if shells.len() < 2 {
return Ok(());
}
// Triangles of each shell, in order.
let mut members: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); shells.len()];
for (t, &sh) in tri_shell.iter().enumerate() {
if let Some(m) = members.get_mut(sh as usize) {
m.push(t);
}
}
let mut work = 0u64;
for (i, &(_, x)) in extent.iter().enumerate() {
let mut depth = 0u32;
for (j, (bounds, _)) in extent.iter().enumerate() {
if j == i || !bounds.contains(x) {
continue;
}
let tris = members.get(j).map_or(&[][..], Vec::as_slice);
work += tris.len() as u64;
if work > MAX_WINDING_WORK {
return Err(Error::Limit(format!("shell nesting: more than {MAX_WINDING_WORK} triangle solid angles")));
}
let omega: f64 = tris.iter().map(|&t| solid_angle(s, t, x)).sum();
if (omega / (4.0 * PI)).abs() > 0.5 {
depth += 1;
}
}
if let Some(sh) = shells.get_mut(i) {
sh.void = depth % 2 == 1;
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// The signed solid angle triangle `t` subtends at `x` (van Oosterom and Strackee 1983).
fn solid_angle(s: &Surface, t: usize, x: [f64; 3]) -> f64 {
let [a, b, c] = s.tri_xyz(t).map(|p| sub(p, x));
let (la, lb, lc) = (norm(a), norm(b), norm(c));
let den = la * lb * lc + dot(a, b) * lc + dot(a, c) * lb + dot(b, c) * la;
2.0 * det(a, b, c).atan2(den)
}
/// Edges between different B-rep faces, and edges inside a face whose normals turn by more than
/// `feature_angle` degrees.
pub(crate) fn feature_edges(s: &Surface, topo: &Topology, tri_face: &[u32], feature_angle: f64) -> Vec<FeatureEdge> {
let face = |t: u32| tri_face.get(t as usize).copied().unwrap_or(0);
let normals: Vec<[f64; 3]> = (0..s.triangles.len()).map(|t| s.normal(t)).collect();
let normal = |t: u32| normals.get(t as usize).copied().unwrap_or([0.0; 3]);
topo.edges
.iter()
.filter_map(|e| {
let angle = angle_deg(normal(e.t[0]), normal(e.t[1]));
let kind = if face(e.t[0]) != face(e.t[1]) {
FeatureKind::FaceBoundary
} else if angle > feature_angle {
FeatureKind::Sharp
} else {
return None;
};
Some(FeatureEdge { vertices: e.v, triangles: e.t, angle, kind })
})
.collect()
}
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//! Vertex welding in input order: each vertex joins the earliest representative within the
//! tolerance, or becomes one. Lookups go through a hash map, but nothing is ever iterated out of
//! it, so the result does not depend on hashing.
use std::collections::HashMap;
use super::{Box3, MAX_RELATIVE_WELD, index};
use crate::predicates::MIN_MAGNITUDE;
use crate::vec3::{dot, sub};
use crate::{Error, Result};
pub(crate) struct Welded {
pub points: Vec<[f64; 3]>,
pub triangles: Vec<[u32; 3]>,
pub source_vertex: Vec<u32>,
pub source_triangle: Vec<u32>,
}
/// Weld the vertices `triangles` use (indices already checked) within the larger of `relative`
/// × the bounding-box diagonal and `absolute`, snap coordinates below [`MIN_MAGNITUDE`] to zero
/// and drop triangles that collapse. A distance above [`MAX_RELATIVE_WELD`] of the diagonal is an
/// error; one below 1e-15 of it welds identical coordinates only.
pub(crate) fn weld(positions: &[[f64; 3]], triangles: &[[u32; 3]], relative: f64, absolute: f64) -> Result<Welded> {
let mut used = vec![false; positions.len()];
for v in triangles.iter().flatten() {
if let Some(u) = used.get_mut(*v as usize) {
*u = true;
}
}
let referenced = || positions.iter().zip(&used).enumerate().filter(|(_, (_, u))| **u).map(|(v, (p, _))| (v, *p));
let mut bounds = Box3::EMPTY;
for (_, p) in referenced() {
bounds.add_point(p);
}
let diagonal = bounds.diagonal();
let tol = (relative * diagonal).max(absolute);
if tol > MAX_RELATIVE_WELD * diagonal {
return Err(Error::Invalid(format!(
"weld distance {tol} is more than {MAX_RELATIVE_WELD} of the surface's size ({diagonal}): it would merge distinct vertices"
)));
}
let mut lookup = if tol >= 1e-15 * diagonal && tol > 0.0 {
Lookup::Grid { tol, lo: bounds.lo, heads: HashMap::new(), next: Vec::new() }
} else {
Lookup::Exact(HashMap::new())
};
let mut map = vec![u32::MAX; positions.len()];
let mut points: Vec<[f64; 3]> = Vec::new();
let mut source_vertex = Vec::new();
for (v, p) in referenced() {
let w = match lookup.find(p, &points) {
Some(w) => w,
None => {
let w = index(points.len());
points.push(p);
source_vertex.push(index(v));
lookup.insert(p, w);
w
}
};
if let Some(m) = map.get_mut(v) {
*m = w;
}
}
for x in points.iter_mut().flatten() {
if x.abs() < MIN_MAGNITUDE {
*x = 0.0;
}
}
let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(triangles.len());
let mut source_triangle = Vec::with_capacity(triangles.len());
for (t, tri) in triangles.iter().enumerate() {
let w = tri.map(|v| map.get(v as usize).copied().unwrap_or(u32::MAX));
if w[0] != w[1] && w[1] != w[2] && w[2] != w[0] {
out.push(w);
source_triangle.push(index(t));
}
}
Ok(Welded { points, triangles: out, source_vertex, source_triangle })
}
/// Representatives found so far.
enum Lookup {
/// Identical coordinates only (keyed by bits; `+ 0.0` turns -0 into +0).
Exact(HashMap<[u64; 3], u32>),
/// Cells of side `tol`: a vertex's representatives are in its cell or the 26 around it.
/// Coordinates over the cell size stay below 1e15 (the distance is at least 1e-15 of the
/// diagonal), exact in i64. Each cell keeps the head of a chain through `next`.
Grid { tol: f64, lo: [f64; 3], heads: HashMap<[i64; 3], u32>, next: Vec<u32> },
}
impl Lookup {
fn cell(tol: f64, lo: [f64; 3], p: [f64; 3]) -> [i64; 3] {
[0, 1, 2].map(|k| ((p[k] - lo[k]) / tol).floor() as i64)
}
/// The earliest representative within the distance of `p`.
fn find(&self, p: [f64; 3], points: &[[f64; 3]]) -> Option<u32> {
match self {
Lookup::Exact(seen) => seen.get(&p.map(|x| (x + 0.0).to_bits())).copied(),
Lookup::Grid { tol, lo, heads, next } => {
let c = Self::cell(*tol, *lo, p);
let mut best: Option<u32> = None;
for dx in -1..=1_i64 {
for dy in -1..=1_i64 {
for dz in -1..=1_i64 {
let key = [c[0].saturating_add(dx), c[1].saturating_add(dy), c[2].saturating_add(dz)];
let mut w = heads.get(&key).copied().unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
while let Some(&q) = points.get(w as usize) {
let d = sub(p, q);
if dot(d, d) <= tol * tol && best.is_none_or(|b| w < b) {
best = Some(w);
}
w = next.get(w as usize).copied().unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
}
}
}
}
best
}
}
}
/// Record `p` as representative `w` (the next index).
fn insert(&mut self, p: [f64; 3], w: u32) {
match self {
Lookup::Exact(seen) => {
seen.insert(p.map(|x| (x + 0.0).to_bits()), w);
}
Lookup::Grid { tol, lo, heads, next } => {
let head = heads.insert(Self::cell(*tol, *lo, p), w);
next.push(head.unwrap_or(u32::MAX));
}
}
}
}
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//! Small 3-vector helpers on `[f64; 3]` (floating point: measures and display, never meshing
//! decisions, which use [`crate::predicates`]).
pub(crate) type P = [f64; 3];
pub(crate) fn sub(a: P, b: P) -> P {
[a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1], a[2] - b[2]]
}
pub(crate) fn dot(a: P, b: P) -> f64 {
a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2]
}
pub(crate) fn cross(a: P, b: P) -> P {
[a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1], a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2], a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0]]
}
pub(crate) fn norm(a: P) -> f64 {
dot(a, a).sqrt()
}
pub(crate) fn det(a: P, b: P, c: P) -> f64 {
dot(a, cross(b, c))
}
/// The angle between two vectors in degrees (0 when either is zero).
pub(crate) fn angle_deg(a: P, b: P) -> f64 {
norm(cross(a, b)).atan2(dot(a, b)).to_degrees()
}
+1
View File
@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ workspace = true
[dependencies]
modelcraft-geometry = { workspace = true, features = ["scripts"] }
modelcraft-mesh = { workspace = true }
serde_json = { workspace = true }
thiserror = { workspace = true }
+46 -1
View File
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use std::time::Instant;
use crate::corpus::{self, CATEGORIES, Part};
use modelcraft_geometry::{Design, Measure, SurfaceMesh};
use modelcraft_mesh::surface::{BoundarySurface, SurfaceOptions};
pub const FILE: &str = "docs/meshing/corpus.md";
/// Chordal tolerance of the boundary surface, relative to the part's bounding-box diagonal.
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ pub trait Stage {
/// The stages, in column order. Meshers add theirs here.
fn stages() -> Vec<Box<dyn Stage>> {
vec![Box::new(SurfaceVolume)]
vec![Box::new(SurfaceVolume), Box::new(BoundaryCheck)]
}
/// The boundary surface's enclosed volume against SolidCraft's measured volume and the closed
@@ -60,6 +61,31 @@ impl Stage for SurfaceVolume {
}
}
/// Boundary surface preparation (`modelcraft_mesh::surface`): welded, closed, manifold, outward
/// and free of self-intersections, or the first defects found, which keep the part from being
/// volume meshed.
struct BoundaryCheck;
impl Stage for BoundaryCheck {
fn headers(&self) -> &'static [&'static str] {
&["boundary", "genus", "feature edges", "check ms"]
}
fn run(&self, l: &Loaded) -> Result<Vec<String>, String> {
let start = Instant::now();
let (mut vertices, mut genus, mut features) = (0, Vec::new(), 0);
for (body, mesh) in l.design.bodies.iter().zip(&l.surfaces) {
let options = SurfaceOptions { weld_distance: mesh.weld_distance, ..SurfaceOptions::default() };
let s = BoundarySurface::new(&mesh.positions, &mesh.triangles, &mesh.tri_face, &options).map_err(|e| format!("{}: {e}", body.name))?;
vertices += s.points().len();
genus.extend(s.shells().iter().map(|sh| if sh.void { format!("{} (void)", sh.genus) } else { sh.genus.to_string() }));
features += s.feature_edges().len();
}
let ms = start.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3;
Ok(vec![format!("ok, {vertices} vertices"), genus.join(", "), features.to_string(), format!("{ms:.1}")])
}
}
fn load(part: &Part) -> Result<(Loaded<'_>, f64), String> {
let start = Instant::now();
let design = corpus::load(part).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
@@ -180,3 +206,22 @@ fn document(table: &str, parts: &[Part]) -> String {
}
s
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
/// The analytic shapes come out of boundary preparation valid, with their genus.
#[test]
fn analytic_parts_are_valid_boundaries() {
let expected =
[("analytic-sphere", "0"), ("analytic-torus", "1"), ("analytic-cylinder", "0"), ("analytic-pipe", "1"), ("analytic-plate-hole", "1")];
let parts = corpus::analytic_parts();
for (name, genus) in expected {
let part = parts.iter().find(|p| p.name == name).unwrap();
let (loaded, _) = load(part).unwrap();
let cells = BoundaryCheck.run(&loaded).unwrap();
assert_eq!(cells[1], genus, "{name}: {cells:?}");
}
}
}