verification: series-resistance heat flow across a tie (#358)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01UhhZMBTviDQxZvwnyP89fo

docs/oracle.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Generated by `cargo xtask oracle` from [`tests/oracle/`](../tests/oracle/); the policy is [verification.md](verification.md). Every case is our own model, built with FieldCraft commands from the problem's published description, and compared with the reference value its `expected.json` cites, within the stated tolerance and for the stated reason. Accepted results are frozen in each case's `fixture.json`: a later change that moves one beyond its band (10⁻⁹ of its size) fails CI even while the reference still passes. No reference value was produced with a commercial product.
 
-**270 of 276 quantities pass** (6 known failure(s)) in 70 active cases: 61 theory, 9 published benchmark, 0 experiment; 10 pending cases wait for capabilities still being built.
+**275 of 281 quantities pass** (6 known failure(s)) in 71 active cases: 62 theory, 9 published benchmark, 0 experiment; 10 pending cases wait for capabilities still being built.
 
 ## Theory: closed-form solutions, patch tests and mesh invariants
 
@@ -249,6 +249,11 @@ Generated by `cargo xtask oracle` from [`tests/oracle/`](../tests/oracle/); the
 | [rotating-disc-plane-stress](../tests/oracle/rotating-disc-plane-stress/) | hoop stress σ_θ = σ_yy at the bore (20, 0) | 65.312 | 65.188 | -0.19% | 1% | pass | matches |
 | [rotating-disc-plane-stress](../tests/oracle/rotating-disc-plane-stress/) | radial stress σ_r = σ_xx at r = √(ab), its maximum | 20.724 | 20.683 | -0.2% | 1% | pass | matches |
 | [rotating-disc-plane-stress](../tests/oracle/rotating-disc-plane-stress/) | hoop stress σ_θ = σ_yy at the rim (100, 0) | 16.328 | 16.352 | 0.149% | 1% | pass | matches |
+| [tie-heat-series](../tests/oracle/tie-heat-series/) | T at the tied secondary node (0.5, 0.5, 1) | 84 | 84 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
+| [tie-heat-series](../tests/oracle/tie-heat-series/) | T in the lower block at (0, 0, 0.5) | 52 | 52 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
+| [tie-heat-series](../tests/oracle/tie-heat-series/) | T in the upper block at (1, 1, 1.5) | 92 | 92 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
+| [tie-heat-series](../tests/oracle/tie-heat-series/) | heat flux q_z at (0, 0, 0.5) | -640 | -640 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
+| [tie-heat-series](../tests/oracle/tie-heat-series/) | heat flux q_z at (1, 1, 1.5) | -640 | -640 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
 | [tie-patch](../tests/oracle/tie-patch/) | σ_zz of the lower block's corner element under the tie (element 10) | 10 | 10 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
 | [tie-patch](../tests/oracle/tie-patch/) | σ_zz of the lower block's centre element under the tie (element 14) | 10 | 10 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
 | [tie-patch](../tests/oracle/tie-patch/) | σ_zz of the lower block's bottom corner element (element 1) | 10 | 10 | < 1e-7% | 1e-9 rel. | pass | matches |
@@ -360,6 +365,7 @@ Generated by `cargo xtask oracle` from [`tests/oracle/`](../tests/oracle/); the
 - **[rotating-cylinder-axisymmetric](../tests/oracle/rotating-cylinder-axisymmetric/)** (theory): Long rotating solid cylinder, axisymmetric. Source: Timoshenko and Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill 1970, §32 (long rotating cylinder, ε_z = 0). Tolerances — radial_axis: stress extrapolated to the axis, where σ_r = σ_θ: under 1% with sixteen quadratic elements across; hoop_rim: stress extrapolated to the surface: under 1%
 - **[rotating-disc-plane-stress](../tests/oracle/rotating-disc-plane-stress/)** (theory): Rotating disc with a central hole, plane stress. Source: Timoshenko and Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill 1970, §32 (rotating disc of uniform thickness with a hole). Tolerances — hoop_bore: stress extrapolated to the bore surface, where the a²b²/r² term is steepest: 16 radial quadratic elements graded towards the bore leave about 0.2% (8 uniform: −2.4%; 32 graded: −0.05%); radial_max: the nearest node to √(ab) is within half an element of it, where σ_r is stationary (an error of order (h/r)², under 0.5%), and nodal averaging adds a few tenths of a percent; hoop_rim: as at the bore
 - **[scordelis-lo-roof-solid](../tests/oracle/scordelis-lo-roof-solid/)** (benchmark): Scordelis–Lo roof with one layer of hex20 reduced-integration solids. Source: MacNeal and Harder, 'A proposed standard set of problems to test finite element accuracy', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 1 (1985) 3–20: Fig. 8 (p. 8) geometry, material and load; Table 5(a) (p. 11) reference displacement 0.3024; Belytschko et al., Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 51 (1985) 221–258 (shell obstacle course). Tolerances — uz: MacNeal and Harder grade an element A within 2% of the theoretical value on this prescribed coarse mesh (p. 14); MacNeal and Harder normalise by 0.3024 (the deep-shell value quoted in their [5] is 0.3086), and a solid model of R/t = 100 differs from shell theory by O(t/R)
+- **[tie-heat-series](../tests/oracle/tie-heat-series/)** (theory): Heat through a tie: two blocks of conductivities 10 and 40 with non-matching meshes, 20 and 100 at the ends. Source: Series thermal resistances: steady one-dimensional conduction through two layers in perfect contact, T_i = (k1 T0 + k2 T1)/(k1 + k2) and q = ΔT/(L1/k1 + L2/k2) (F. P. Incropera, D. P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, §3.1, the composite wall). A linear field in each layer is the exact discrete solution, and the dual mortar tie reproduces a linear temperature across non-matching meshes. Tolerances — t_interface: exact discrete solution: linear in each block, and the tie holds the interface temperature for non-matching meshes; t_lower: exact discrete solution: linear in each block, and the tie holds the interface temperature for non-matching meshes; t_upper: exact discrete solution: linear in each block, and the tie holds the interface temperature for non-matching meshes; q_lower: the heat flow ΔT/(1/k1 + 1/k2) = 640 per unit area, −k ∂T/∂z uniform in each block; q_upper: the same heat flow crosses the tie: nothing is lost at the interface
 - **[tie-patch](../tests/oracle/tie-patch/)** (theory): Tie patch test: two blocks with non-matching meshes tied together in uniaxial tension. Source: The patch test for mesh tying: a tie across non-matching meshes must transmit a constant stress exactly; B. I. Wohlmuth, A mortar finite element method using dual spaces for the Lagrange multiplier, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 38(3):989–1012, 2000; M. A. Puso, A 3D mortar method for solid mechanics, IJNME 59:315–336, 2004. Uniaxial stress between frictionless symmetry planes is uniform in both blocks. Tolerances — szz_10: uniaxial stress E ε = 1000 × 0.01 is the exact discrete solution: the dual mortar conditions hold for the linear field on both meshes; szz_14: uniaxial stress E ε = 1000 × 0.01 is the exact discrete solution: the dual mortar conditions hold for the linear field on both meshes; szz_1: uniaxial stress E ε = 1000 × 0.01 is the exact discrete solution: the dual mortar conditions hold for the linear field on both meshes; szz_19: uniaxial stress E ε = 1000 × 0.01 is the exact discrete solution: the dual mortar conditions hold for the linear field on both meshes; szz_26: uniaxial stress E ε = 1000 × 0.01 is the exact discrete solution: the dual mortar conditions hold for the linear field on both meshes; sxx_14: the tie must not hold the lateral contraction of either mesh; uz_interface: the tied node follows the uniform strain field
 - **[tube-torsion-coupling](../tests/oracle/tube-torsion-coupling/)** (theory): Torsion of a tube through a kinematically coupled reference point. Source: Saint-Venant torsion of a circular tube, φ = TL/(GJ), τ = Tr/J with J = π(b⁴ − a⁴)/2; Timoshenko and Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd ed., 1970, §104. Tolerances — twist: Saint-Venant torsion of a circular tube is exact in elasticity; the rigid end coupling only stiffens a short zone near the tip; quadratic elements with 16 divisions around are within 0.1%; shear: stress extrapolated to the outer surface and averaged where two blocks meet: about 0.3% with four radial quadratic elements (two gave 1.1%)